PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2019 | nr 3 The Presidency of Donald Trump | 75--93
Tytuł artykułu

Donald Trump and the China Challenge

Autorzy
Warianty tytułu
Donald Trump i chińskie wyzwania
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Donald Trump, as a presidential candidate, made public what many observers thought in private - since the collapse of the Soviet Union, China has become the biggest threat to the unipolar world, the one dominated by the United States. This paper analyses factors that may determine the outcome of this battle, in particular their relative economic strength. This element is vital during Times of peaceful competition and, as such, determines current politics and most likely will defi ne the current struggle for world dominance. We also review the protagonists' defense spending and their relative positions in the military sphere. (original abstract)
Donald Trump jako kandydat na prezydenta publicznie głosił to, o czym wielu obserwatorów myślało po cichu: od czasu upadku Związku Radzieckiego Chiny stały się największym zagrożeniem dla jednobiegunowego świata zdominowanego przez Stany Zjednoczone. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje czynniki, które mogą mieć decydujący wpływ na wynik tych zmagań, szczególnie na względną potęgę gospodarczą adwersarzy. W czasach pokoju jest to niesłychanie istotny czynnik i jako taki ma wielki wpływ na bieżące posunięcia w dziedzinie polityki. Jest wielce prawdopodobne, że będzie on równie ważny w obecnych zmaganiach o dominację na świecie. Opracowanie dokonuje przeglądu poziomu wydatków na zbrojenia i względnej siły wojskowej obu państw. (abstrakt oryginalny)
Rocznik
Strony
75--93
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • Hollins University, Roanoke, VA
Bibliografia
  • '2016's $1.57 Trillion Global Defence Spend to Kick off Decade of Growth, IHS Markit Says", IHS Markit, 12.12.2016, http://news.ihsmarkit.com/press-release/2016s-15-trillion-global-defence-spend-kick-decade-growth-ihs-markit-says [accessed: 18.09.2017].
  • Aidan Yao, "Look Beyond the Headline Numbers to See China's Economic Transformation In Progress", South China Morning Post, 22.11.2017, http://www.scmp.com/business/global-economy/article/2120840/look-beyond-headline-numbers-see-chinas-economic [accessed: 30.12.2017].
  • Amadeo K., "U.S. Military Budget: Components, Challenges, Growth", The Balance, 10.01.2018, https://www.thebalance.com/u-s-military-budget-components-challenges-growth-3306320 [accessed: 11.01.2018].
  • Bennet J., "U.S. and China Both Want to Launch a Mars Sample Return Mission Before 2030", Popular Mechanics, 28.12.2017, http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/moon-mars/a14506608/united-states-china-racing-first-sample-from-mars/ [accessed: 30.12.2017].
  • Chen Weihua, "China Blasts New US Defense Strategy", China Daily, 20.01.2018, http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201801/20/WS5a62d631a3106e7dcc135803.html [accessed: 21.01.2018].
  • China Extends Supercomputer Share on TOP500 List, US Dominates in Total Performance, TOP500, November 2018, https://www.top500.org/news/lists/2018/11/pressrelease/ [accessed: 10.12.2018].
  • China Pulls Ahead of U.S. in Latest TOP500 List, TOP500, 13.11.2017, https://www.top500.org/news/china-pulls-ahead-of-us-in-latest-top500-list/ [accessed: 11.12.2017].
  • "China Says New Stealth Fighter Put Into Combat Service", Reuters, 9.02.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-defence/china-says-new-stealth-fighter-put-intocombat-service-idUSKBN1FT1L3 [accessed: 10.02.2018].
  • "China Signals Slower Growth Is Acceptable to Tackle Debt, Smog", Bloomberg, 24.12.2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-25/china-signalsslower-growth-is-acceptable-to-tackle-debt-smog [accessed: 24.12.2017].
  • "China to Increase Military Spending by 7% In 2017", BBC News, 4.03.2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-39165080 [accessed: 4.03.2017].
  • "China Urges Cooperation After U.S. Brands It a Competitor," Reuters, 19.12.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-nationalsecurity-china/china-urges-cooperation-after-u-s-brands-it-a-competitor-idUSKBN1ED0CF [accessed: 20.12.2017].
  • "Chinese Military Paper Urges Increase In Nuclear Deterrence Capabilities", Reuters, 30.01.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-security/chinese-military-paper-urges-increase-in-nuclear-deterrence-capabilities-idUSKBN1FJ1A0 [accessed: 31.01.2018].
  • Coats D.R., Statement for the Record. Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community, 6.03.2018, https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Newsroom/Testimonies/Final-2018-ATA---Unclassified---SASC.pdf [accessed: 20.03.2018].
  • Cordesman A., "U.S. Military Spending: The Cost of Wars", Center for Strategic and International Studies, 10.07.2017, https://www.csis.org/analysis/us-military-spendingcost-wars [accessed: 15.07.2017].
  • Cowen T., Tabarrok A., Modern Principles of Economics, 3rd ed., New York 2015.
  • Curran E., "China Will Avoid a Bank Crisis, Reach High Income Status: Morgan Stanley", Bloomberg, 14.02.2017, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-14/morganstanley-says-china-to-avoid-bank-shock-reach-high-income [accessed: 14.02.2017].
  • Data Bank. World Development Indicators, World Bank, http://databank.worldbank.org/data/ [accessed: 12.08.2018].
  • Dunn J., "Here Are the Companies That Sell the Most PCs Worldwide", Business Insider, 14.04.2017, http://www.businessinsider.com/top-pc-companies-sales-idc-marketshare-chart-2017-4 [accessed: 15.04.2017].
  • Fogel R.W., Capitalism and Democracy in 2040: Forecasts and Speculations, NBER Working Paper No. 13184, 2007, http://www.nber.org/papers/w13184 [accessed: 17.10.2017].
  • Freifeld K., "U.S. Lifts Ban on Suppliers Selling to China's ZTE", Reuters, 13.06.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-zte/u-s-lifts-ban-on-suppliersselling-to-chinas-zte-idUSKBN1K32CN [accessed: 15.08.2018].
  • Global Market Share Held By Smartphone Vendors From 4th Quarter 2009 to 3rd Quarter 2017, Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/271496/global-market-share-heldby-smartphone-vendors-since-4th-quarter-2009/ [accessed: 5.12.2017].
  • Goh B., "China, Russia Set Up Wide-Body Jet Firm In New Challenge to Boeing, Airbus", Reuters, 22.05.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-comac-russia/china-russia-set-up-wide-body-jet-firm-in-new-challenge-to-boeing-airbus-idUSKBN18I0KZ [accessed: 24.05.2017].
  • Historical Tables, 2017 Budget of the U.S. Government, Offi ce of Management and Budget, Table 8.1, Table 8.3, and Table 8.7, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2017-TAB/pdf/BUDGET-2017-TAB.pdf [accessed: 24.07.2018].
  • International Energy Agency, Oil Market Report, 19.01.2018, https://www.iea.org/media/omrreports/fullissues/2018-01-19.pdf [accessed: 20.01.2018].
  • Kennedy S., "Made in China 2015", Center for Strategic & International Studies, 1.06.2015, https://www.csis.org/analysis/made-china-2025 [accessed: 24.10.2017].
  • "Khrushchev's 'We Will Bury You'", CIA, STATSPEC, 7.02.1962, Approved for release 2002/01/22, https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP-73B00296R000200040087-1.pdf [accessed: 10.03.2018].
  • "Making Sense of Capacity Cuts in China", The Economist, 7.09.2017, https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21728640-investors-have-been-cheered-sweeping-cutbacks-they-should-look-more-closely-making-sense [accessed: 10.09.2017].
  • Martina M., Yao K., Yawen Chen, "Exclusive: Facing U.S. Blowback, Beijing Softens 'Made in China 2025' Message", Reuters, 25.06.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-madeinchina2025-exclu/exclusive-facing-u-s-blowback-beijingsoftens-made-in-china-2025-message-idUSKBN1JL12U [accessed: 15.08.2018].
  • Mattis J., Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America. Sharpening the American Military's Competitive Edge, Department of Defense, 19.01.2018, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf [accessed: 20.01.2018].
  • Miglani S., "India Plans Closer Southeast Asia Maritime Ties to Counter China", Reuters, 24.01.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-asean/india-plans-closer-southeast-asia-maritime-ties-to-counter-china-idUSKBN1FD14Z [accessed: 24.01.2018].
  • Myers S.L., Zoe Mou, "'New Chapter' in Space Exploration as China Reaches Far Side of the Moon", The New York Times, 2.01.2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/world/asia/china-change-4-moon.html [accessed: 2.01.2019].
  • Phillip A., Snell K., "Trump to Propose 10 Percent Spike In Defense Spending, Major Cuts to Other Agencies", The Washington Post, 27.02.2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/trump-to-propose-10-percent-spike-in-defense-spending-massivecuts-to-other-agencies/2017/02/27/867f9690-fcf2-11e6-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html?utm_term=.b5e34759371d [accessed: 27.02.2017].
  • Polek G., "Russia and China to Partner on Engine for New Widebody", AINonline, 20.09.2017, https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2017-09-20/russia-and-china-partner-engine-new-widebody [accessed: 30.09.2017].
  • Prak Chan Thul, "China to Hold Second Military Exercises With Cambodia", Reuters, 24.01.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cambodia-china/china-to-hold-second-military-exercises-with-cambodia-idUSKBN1FD1QW [accessed: 25.01.2018].
  • "Promote Peace, China's Xi Tells Soldiers at First Overseas Base", Reuters, 3.11.2017, http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-defence/promote-peace-chinas-xi-tells-soldiers-at-first-overseas-base-idUSKBN1D401U [accessed: 10.11.2017].
  • Roberts P., "China's 500-Ship Navy Suddenly Appears on the Horizon", RUSI Commentary, 3.02.2017, https://rusi.org/commentary/china%E2%80%99s-500-ship-navysuddenly-appears-horizon [accessed: 4.02.2017].
  • "Second Prototype of China's C919 Jet Conducts Test Flight: state TV", Reuters, 16.12.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-aviation-comac/second-prototype-of-chinas-c919-jet-conducts-test-flight-state-tv-idUSKBN1EB043 [accessed: 30.12.2017].
  • SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex [accessed: 12.08.2018].
  • Son Daekwon, "Xi Jinping Thought Vs. Deng Xiaoping Theory, The Diplomat, 25.10.2017, https://thediplomat.com/2017/10/xi-jinping-thought-vs-deng-xiaopingtheory/ [accessed: 25.10.2017].
  • Swanson A., "How China Used More Cement In 3 Years Than the U.S. Did In the Entire 20th Century", The Washington Post, 24.03.2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/03/24/how-china-used-more-cement-in-3-years-than-the-u-sdid-in-the-entire-20th-century/?utm_term=.73858ee72fc4 [accessed: 15.07.2017].
  • The Joint Committee on Taxation, Macroeconomic Analysis of the Conference Agreement for H.R. 1, The "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act", Congress of the United States, JCX-69-17, 22.12.2017, https://www.jct.gov/publications.html?func=startdown&id=5055 [accessed: 30.12.2017].
  • The World Factbook. Country Comparison: GDP (Purchasing Power Parity), Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html [accessed: 12.08.2018].
  • Thibodeau P., "China Builds World's Fastest Supercomputer Without U.S. Chips", Computerworld, 20.06.2016, http://www.computerworld.com/article/3085483/high-performance-computing/china-builds-world-s-fastest-supercomputer-without-u-s-chips.html [accessed: 11.12.2017].
  • "U.S. Creating 'Sensational Hype' Over China's Military Modernization: Ministry", Reuters, 21.12.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-nationalsecuritychina/u-s-creating-sensational-hype-over-chinas-military-modernization-ministryidUSKBN1EF0O3 [accessed: 21.12.2017].
  • Volcovici V., Freifeld K., "In Concession, Trump Will Help China's ZTE 'Get Back Into Business', Reuters, 13.05.2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-zte/in-concession-trump-will-help-chinas-zte-get-back-into-business-idUSKCN1IE0QI [accessed: 15.08.2018].
  • White House, National Security Strategy of the United States of America, December 2017, Washington D.C., https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf [accessed: 25.01.2018].
  • White House, National Security Strategy of the United States of America, February 2015, Washington D.C., https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2015_national_security_strategy_2.pdf [accessed: 25.11.2017].
  • White House Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy, How China's Economic Aggression Threatens the Technologies and Intellectual Property of the United States and the World, June 2018, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/FINAL-China-Technology-Report-6.18.18-PDF.pdf [accessed: 15.08.2018].
  • World Economic League Table 2018. A World Economic League Table with Forecasts for 192 countries to 2032, Centre for Economics and Business Research, London, 2017.
  • "World's Largest Amphibious Aircraft Makes Maiden Flight in China", Reuters, 24.12.2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-defence-airplane/worlds-largest-amphibious-aircraft-makes-maiden-flight-in-china-idUSKBN1EI01I [accessed: 27.12.2017].
  • "Xi Jinping: 'Time for China to Take Centre Stage'", BBC News, 18.10.2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-41647872 [accessed: 18.10.2017].
  • Zhong Nan, Ren Xiaojin, Jing Shuiyu, "Supply-Side Reform Set to Safeguard Future", China Daily, 24.10.2017, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-10/24/content_33636747.htm [accessed: 24.10.2017].
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171584694

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.