Warianty tytułu
Konwencja w sprawie transgranicznego zanieczyszczenia powietrza - 40 lat działań na rzecz poprawy jakości powietrza
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
November 2019 marked the 40th anniversary of the adoption in Geneva of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, which aims primarily to reduce the damage to human health and the environment caused by air pollution. Over the years, the Convention has been extended by eight protocols that identify measures to control emissions of basic air pollutants. The efforts undertaken under the Convention have been instrumental in bolstering international cooperation to limit the pollution with sulphur and nitrogen oxides as well as to reduce emissions of other pollutants. The European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) has been developed complete with modelling and forecasting air pollution levels and pollutant fluxes. Robust information has been gathered in the EMEP databases. However, much remains to be done, and air pollution is still a challenge in the UN ECE region.(original abstract)
W 2019 r. minęło 40 lat od momentu podpisania w Genewie Konwencji w sprawie transgranicznego zanieczyszczania powietrza na dalekie odległości, której podstawowym celem jest ochrona środowiska i człowieka przed skutkami zanieczyszczenia powietrza. W ciągu tych lat do tekstu konwencji przyjęto 8 protokołów dotyczących kontroli emisji podstawowych zanieczyszczeń powietrza. Dzięki działaniom prowadzonym w ramach konwencji udało się rozwinąć współpracę międzynarodową, która przyczyniła się do zmniejszenia zanieczyszczenia powietrza tlenkami siarki i azotu, a także ograniczenia emisji innych zanieczyszczeń. Rozwinięto program badawczy EMEP, modelowanie i prognozowanie stanu powietrza i przepływów zanieczyszczeń, zgromadzono ogromne ilości informacji w bazach danych. Nadal jednak pozostaje dużo do zrobienia a zanieczyszczenie powietrza jest w poważnym problemem w regionie EKG ONZ.(fragment tekstu)
Twórcy
autor
- National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- ECE/EB.AIR/142/Add.2, Decision 2018/5: Long-term strategy for the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution for 2020-2030 and beyond, https:// www.unece.org/env/lrtap/executivebody/eb_decision.html [19-11-2019].
- EEA, 2019. NEC Directive reporting status 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/ themes/air/air-pollution-sources-1/national-emission-ceilings/nec-directivereporting- status-2019 [19-11-2019].
- EEA Report No 08/2019, European Union emission inventory report 19902017 under the UNECE Convention on Longrange Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP).
- EEA Report No 13/2019, EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019. Technical guidance to prepare national emission inventories, European Environment Agency, Publications Office of the European Union, ISBN 978-92- 9480-098-5.
- EU, 2016. Directive 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/ EC, OJ L 344.
- Konwencja w sprawie transgranicznego zanieczyszczania powietrza na dalekie odległości sporządzona w Genewie dnia 13 listopada 1979 r., 1985, Dz. U. nr 60, poz. 31, http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19850600311/ O/D19850311.pdf [19-11-2019].
- Maas, R., Grennfelt, P. (Eds.), 2016. Towards Cleaner Air. Scientific Assessment Report 2016. EMEP Steering Body and Working Group on Effects of the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Oslo, http://www.unece.org/environmental- policy/conventions/envlrtapwelcome/publications.html [19-11-2019].
- UN ECE, 1979. Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, http://www. unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/lrtap/full%20text/1979.CLRTAP.e.pdf [19-11- 2019].
- UN ECE, 1984. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/emep_h1.html [19-11-2019].
- UN ECE, 1985. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30 per cent, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/sulf_h1.html [19-11- 2019].
- UN ECE, 1988. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/nitr_h1.html [19-11-2019].
- UN ECE, 1991. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or their Volatile Fluxes, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/vola_h1.html [19-11- 2019].
- UN ECE, 1994. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, http://www.unece.org/ env/lrtap/fsulf_h1.html [19-11-2019].
- UN ECE, 1998a. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Heavy Metals, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/hm_h1.html [19- 11-2019].
- UN ECE, 1998b. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution on Persistent Organic Pollutants, http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/ pops_h1.html [19-11-2019].
- UN ECE, 1999. Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone, http:// www.unece.org/env/lrtap/multi_h1.html [19-11-2019].
- UN ECE, 2015. Framework Code for Good Agricultural Practice for Reducing Ammonia Emissions, https://www.unece.org/environmental-policy/conventions/envlrtapwelcome/ publications.html [19-11-2019].
- UNEP, 2018. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), http:// chm.pops.int/TheConvention/Overview/TextoftheConvention/tabid/2232/ Default.aspx [19-11-2019].
- UNEP, 2019. Minamata Convention on Mercury, http://www.mercuryconvention. org/Portals/11/documents/Booklets/COP3-version/Minamata-Conventionbooklet- Sep2019-EN.pdf [19-11-2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
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