Précarité énergétique en Europe : existe-t-il une relation de Kuznets?

• Autorzy: Isabelle Cadoret , Veronique Thelen

Warianty tytułu

Energy Poverty in Europe : Is there a Kuznets Relationship?

• Języki publikacji: FR

Abstrakty

La précarité énergétique est un problème récemment identifié en Europe et notamment dans les pays du Sud et de l ' Est de l ' Europe. Le papier propose d ' analyser ce phénomène comme une expression des inégalités environnementales. Il teste la présence d ' une relation de Kuznets entre précarité énergétique et PIB par tête en Europe. Les données sont des données agrégées issues de l ' enquête EU-SILC d ' Eurostat. Elles couvrent 28 pays européens de 2004 à 2017. 2 indicateurs de précarité sont retenus, le pourcentage de personnes étant dans l ' incapacité de maintenir une température suffisamment chaude dans le logement et un indicateur composite. Les résultats d ' estimation montrent l ' existence d ' une relation non linéaire entre précarité énergétique et revenu par tête en forme de U et non pas en forme de U inversé comme dans la relation de Kuznets. Il apparaît qu ' en Europe le développement économique a été un facteur important de réduction de la pauvreté énergétique mais qu ' il existe un seuil de revenu par tête à partir duquel la croissance économique ne réduit plus la précarité énergétique. La conclusion est que pour l ' avenir plus de croissance n ' induira pas systématiquement moins de précarité et que des mesures en faveur de l ' efficacité énergétique et/ou des mesures visant à accroître le pouvoir d ' achat des ménages doivent être mises en place au niveau national.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The phenomenon of fuel poverty is a problem recently identified in Europe and in particular in Southern and Eastern European countries. This paper investigates fuel poverty as an expression of environmental inequalities. It tests the existence of a Kuznets curve between fuel poverty and GDP per capita in Europe. The study covers 28 European countries from 2004 to 2017 using aggregated data from Eurostat ' s EU-SILC survey. To proxy the level of fuel poverty 2 indicators are alternatively tested, the percentage of individual unable to keep home adequately warm and a composite indicator. The results show the existence of a non-linear U-shaped relationship between fuel poverty and per capita income and not inverted U-shape as in the Kuznets relation. In Europe, economic development has been an important factor in reducing energy poverty, but a per capita income threshold exists after which economic growth no longer reduces fuel poverty. In conclusion, more future growth will not systematically induce less fuel poverty, measures on energy efficiency and / or measures to increase the purchasing power of households must be developed especially at the national level to target the most vulnerable households.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Kuznets curve; Poverty; Fuel poverty; Poverty indicators

PL

Krzywa Kuznetsa; Ubóstwo; Ubóstwo energetyczne; Wskaźniki ubóstwa

• Czasopismo: Revue Internationale des Economistes de Langue Française : revue de l'Association Internationale de Economistes de Langue Française avec la collaboration Université des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 5
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 166--186

Twórcy

autor

Isabelle Cadoret

• Université de Rennes, France

autor

Veronique Thelen

• Université de Rennes, France

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