Tourist Profile in Polar Regions on the Example of Visitors to the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station

• Autorzy: Anna Wilkońska , Wojciech Maciejowski , Marta Damaszke , Bartłomiej Jerzak , Radosław Łabno , Bartosz Matuszczak , Ewa Palikot , Karolina Pińkowska
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose. Presentation of the current situation to the extent of touristic arrivals to Antarctica, in view of measuring the scale and structure of incoming tourism recorded at the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station (King George Island, South Shetland Islands).
Method. The number of persons arriving to the Arctowski Station was measured and subjects interviewed according to a standardised questionnaire.
Findings. Research has indicated that there is constant interest in visiting Antarctica. These travellers are mainly people from Europe and North America, in particular seniors, with higher education, professionally active or retired, affluent and usually travelling individually.
Research and conclusions limitations. Carrying out measurements regarding the scale and structure of incoming tourism is connected with various limitations, including the way in which such measurements are conducted, the access and quality of source materials or the human factor, i.e. interviewers.
Practical implications. This article refers to the latest data concerning the number of persons arriving to the Arctowski Station and the structure of the tourist traffic, which constitute basic information for, among others, the tour operators.
Originality. The problem involving the scale and structure of tourism, especially in polar regions, is still current and extremely significant due to the importance of the global ecosystem.
Research on the structure of incoming tourism to Antarctica, according to the measurements at the Station, has been recently conducted and presented for the first time.
Type of paper. In the article, the results of the authors research, similar to those relevant from literature, are presented. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Tourist movement; Tourism

PL

Ruch turystyczny; Turystyka

• Czasopismo: Folia Turistica / Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. B. Czecha w Krakowie
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: nr 55
• Strony: 167--182

Twórcy

autor

Anna Wilkońska

• University of Physical Education in Krakow

autor

Wojciech Maciejowski

• Jagiellonian University

autor

Marta Damaszke

• Polish Academy of Sciences

autor

Bartłomiej Jerzak

• Polish Academy of Sciences

autor

Radosław Łabno

• Polish Academy of Sciences

autor

Bartosz Matuszczak

• Polish Academy of Sciences

autor

Ewa Palikot

• Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

autor

Karolina Pińkowska

• Polish Academy of Sciences

Bibliografia

• Barre de la S., Maher P., Dawson J., Hillmer-Pegram K., Huijbens E., Lamers M., Liggett D., Müller D., Pashkevich A., Stewart E. (2016), Tourism and Arctic Observation Systems: exploring the relationships, "Polar Research", Vol. 35, 24980, doi: 10.3402/polar.v35.24980.
• Baird P.D. (1965), The Polar World, Wiley, New York.
• Bastmeijer K., Roura R.M. (2004), Regulating Antarctic tourism and the precautionary principle, "The American Journal of International Law", Vol. 98, pp. 763-781.
• Bertram E. (2007), Antarctic shipborne tourism: An expanding industry, [in:] Snyder J., Stonehouse B., eds., Prospects for Polar Tourism, CABI, Wallingford, pp. 285-309.
• Brewster B. (1982), Antarctica - Wilderness at Risk, Friends of the Earth, Wellington.
• Chwedorzewska K., Korczak M. (2010), Human impact upon the environment in the vicinity of Arctowski Station, King George Island, Antarctica, "Polish Polar Research", Vol. 31, pp. 45-60, doi: 10.4202/ppres.2010.04.
• Ciaputa P., Salwicka K. (1997), Tourism at Antarctic Arctowski Station 1991- 1997: policies for better management, "Polish Polar Research", Vol. 18, pp. 227-239.
• Donachie S.P. (1994), Henryk Arctowski Station: mixing science and tourism, "Annals of Tourism Research", Vol. 21, pp. 333-343.
• Groch J. (1996), Norwegia [Norway], [in:] Warszyńska J., ed., Geografia turystyczna świata. Część 1 [Tourist Geography of the World, vol. 1] PWN, Warszawa, pp. 250-256.
• Hall C.M., Saarinen J. (2010), Tourism and Change in Polar Regions. Introduction - definitions, locations, places and dimensions, [in:] Hall C.M., Saarinen J., eds., Tourism and Change in Polar Regions. Climate, Environment and Experience, Routledge, London-New York, pp. 1-41.
• Hansom J.D., Gordon J.E. (1998), Antarctic Environments and Resources, Longman, New York.
• Kowalczyk A. (2000), Geografia turyzmu [Tourism Geography], PWN, Warszawa.
• Kruczek Z. (2011), Tourism in the Antarctic region. The dilemma of development and environment protection, "Current Issues of Tourism Research", Vol. 1, pp. 19-25.
• Lamers M., Eijgelaar E., Amelung B. (2012), Last chance tourism in Antarctica: cruising for change?, [in:] Lemelin R.H., Dawson J., Stewart E.J., eds., Last chance tourism: Adapting tourism opportunities in a changing world, Routledge, Oxon, pp. 25-41.
• Lamers M., Liggett D., Amelung B. (2012), Strategic challenges of tourism development and governance in Antarctica: taking stock and moving forward, "Polar Research", Vol. 31, 17219, doi: 10.3402/polar.v31i0.17219.
• Lemelin R.H., Dawson J., Stewart E.J., Maher P.T., Lück M. (2010), Last chance tourism: boom, doom, and gloom, "Current Issues in Tourism", Vol. 13, pp. 477-493.
• Lück M., Maher P.T., Stewart E.J. (2010), Polar Cruise Tourism in the 21 st Century, [in:] Lück M., Maher P.T., Stewart E.J., eds., Cruise Tourism in Polar Regions. Promoting Environmental and Social Sustainability?, Earthscan, London-Washington, pp. 1-10.
• Machowski J. (2000), The status of stations under the Antarctic legal regime, "Polish Polar Research", Vol. 21, pp. 99-136.
• Maciejowski W. (2007), Walory turystyczne i formy turystyki w archipelagu Svalbard (Norwegia) [The tourist attractions and the forms of tourism on the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway], [in:] Kurek W., Faracik R., eds., Studia nad turystyką. Prace geograficzne i regionalne. Geograficzne, ekonomiczne i społeczne aspekty turystyki [Tourism studies. Geographical and regional studies. Geographical, economic and social aspects of tourism], Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, pp. 123-134.
• Palazzi R. (1993), Antártida y Archipiélagos Subantárticos. Factores para su análisis, Escuela Superior de Guerra Aérea, Buenos Aires.
• Polar tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic regions (1995), Hall C.M., Johnston M.E., eds., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester.
• Reggio P., Haene E. (2003), Visitors' reception Plan at the Antarctic Base Esperanza. A proposal for discussion, Aves Argentinas-Antarctic Command of the Army, Base Esperanza.
• Roura R.M. (2010), Cultural Heritage Tourism in Antarctica and Svalbard, [in:] Hall C.M., Saarinen J., eds., Tourism and Change in Polar Regions. Climate, Environment and Experience, Routledge, London-New York, pp. 180-203.
• Roura R.M. (2012), Being there: examining the behaviour of Antarctic tourists through their blogs, "Polar Research" Vol. 31, 10905, doi: 10.3402/ polar.v31i0.10905.
• Schillat M., Jensen M., Vereda M., Sánchez R. A., Roura R. (2016), Tourism in Antarctica. A Multidisciplinary View of New Activities Carried Out on the White Continent, Springer.
• Stewart E.J., Draper D., Johnston M.E. (2005), A Review of Tourism Research in the Polar Regions, "Arctic", Vol. 58, pp. 383-394.
• Stonehouse B. (1999), Antarctic shipborne tourism: facilitation and research at Arctowski Station, King George Island, "Polish Polar Research", Vol. 20, pp. 65-75.
• Stonehouse B., Crossbie K. (1995), Tourist impacts and management in the Antarctic Peninsula area, [in:] Hall C.M., Johnston M.E., eds., Polar Tourism: Tourism in the Arctic and Antarctic Regions, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chichester, pp. 217 -233.
• Stonehouse B., Snyder J. (2010), Polar Tourism. An Environmental Perspective, Channel View Publications, Bristol-Buffalo-Toronto.
• Summerson R., Bishop I. D. (2012), The impact of human activities on wilderness and aesthetic values in Antarctica, "Polar Research", Vol. 31, 10858, doi: 10.3402/polar.v31i0.10858.
• Szeligiewicz W. (2006), Ekosystem Antarktydy - cel egzotycznych wypraw turystycznych [Antarctica ecosystem - the goal of exotic touristic expeditions], "Turystyka i Rekreacja", Vol. 2, pp. 5-11.
• Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition, UNWTO, www2.unwto.org. (30.08.2019).
• Turner J., Marshall G.J. (2011), Climate change in the polar regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Vereda M. (2008), A study on the expectations of Antarctic visitors towards their trip: Images created about Antarctica and the relationship with Ushuaia (Argentina) as a gateway city, [in:] Saarinen J., Tervo K., eds., Tourism and Global Change in Polar Regions: International Conference, University of Oulu Press, Oulu, pp. 77-83.
• Warszyńska J., Jackowski A. (1979), Podstawy geografii turyzmu [The basics of the Geography of Tourism], PWN, Warszawa.
• Węsławski J.M., Ziaja W., eds. [2017], Strategia polskich badań polarnych - koncepcja na lata 2017-2027 [Strategy for Polish Polar Research - a concept for the year 2017-2027], Polskie Konsorcjum Polarne.
• Wilkońska A. (2017), Strategic planning in the area of tourism development in the light of analysis of strategic documents of polish cities, "Folia Turistica", Vol. 44, pp. 105-125.
• Zajadacz A. (2008), Ruch turystyczny jako przedmiot badań geograficznych [Tourist movement as a subject of geographic surveys], [in:] Młynarczyk Z., Zajadacz A., eds., Uwarunkowania i plany rozwoju turystyki. Tom 2 [Tourist development: determinats and plans, vol. 2], Wyd. Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poznań, pp. 187-209.
• Ziaja W., Ostafin K. (2018), Origin and location of new Arctic islands and straits due to glacial recession, "Ambio", Vol. 48, pp. 25-34, doi: 10.1007/ s13280-018-1041-z.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0014.2423