River as a Legal Person

• Autorzy: Jerzy Bieluk

Warianty tytułu

Rzeka jako osoba prawna

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The concepts of recognizing elements of nature as having legal personality have been appearing for many years as proposals for a new approach to ecology. Recent years have brought specific solutions in this regard. Attempts to recognize rivers (but not only rivers) as separate legal entities can be found in various places around the world. This is not a common trend, only a few such cases can be identified in the applicable legislation. The article is devoted to the analysis of the best- -known examples of this type of activity. In 2017, the legal system of New Zealand recognized the Whanganui River as a legal person. Talks are ongoing about further solutions of this kind. Apart from environmental protection reasons, the basic motives for this type of solution are cultural considerations - connected with Maori beliefs and values. In the legal systems of India and Colombia, the courts have attempted to recognize the rivers (Ganges and Yamuna in India, the Atrata River, and the entire Amazon ecosystem) as legal persons. The motives for this type of activity were primarily ecological - protecting priceless parts of nature from destruction. (original abstract)

Koncepcje uznania elementów natury za mające osobowość prawną pojawiają się od wielu lat jako propozycje nowego podejścia do ekologii. Ostatnie lata przyniosły w tym zakresie konkretne rozwiązania. W różnych miejscach na świecie spotkać można próby uznania rzek (ale nie tylko) za odrębne podmioty prawa. Nie jest to powszechna tendencja, tylko kilka takich przypadków można zidentyfikować w obowiązujących ustawodawstwach. Artykuł poświęcono analizie najbardziej znanych przykładów tego rodzaju działań. W systemie prawnym Nowej Zelandii uznano w 2017 r. rzekę Whanganui za osobę prawną. Toczą się rozmowy na temat dalszych tego rodzaju rozwiązań. Podstawowym motywem takich rozwiązań, oprócz względów ochrony środowiska, są względy kulturowe - związane z systemem wierzeń i wartości Maorysów. W systemach prawnych Indii i Kolumbii sądy podjęły próby uznania rzek (Gangesu i Yamuny w Indiach, rzeki Atrata oraz całego ekosystemu Amazonki) za osoby prawne. Motywy tego rodzaju działań były przede wszystkim ekologiczne - ochrona bezcennych części przyrody przed zniszczeniem. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Environmental protection; Legal personality; Ecology; Nature protection

PL

Ochrona środowiska; Osobowość prawna; Ekologia; Ochrona przyrody

• Czasopismo: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: Vol. 29, nr 2 Biosphere Resources Use Value Protection
• Strony: 11--23

Twórcy

autor

Jerzy Bieluk

• University in Bialystok, Poland

Bibliografia

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17951/sil.2020.29.2.11-23