PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2020 | Vol. 8, Iss. 1 | 20--35
Tytuł artykułu

Violent Extremism in the Western Balkans: Re-Shaping the Islamist Terrorist Phenomenon in South-Eastern Europe

Autorzy
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper aims to shed new light on the phenomenon of Islamist violent extremism across the Western Balkans. This phenomenon has recently drawn worldwide attention due to the risk that the self-proclaimed Islamic State (IS) has raised as an international actor. The main theoretical argument is that the main driver of foreign fi ghters aligns with the Roy theory about the Islamization of radicalism. So far, academic literature on Islamist terrorism has oft en considered the Western Balkan region as the one with the highest percentage of foreign fighters. Notwithstanding this being correct, such analysis seems superfi cial, since it misrepresents the image of the region itself. In this paper, the countries taken into account are those with a high percentage of Muslim population (e.g. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo) and with a large Muslim autochthonous minority group (e.g. the Republic of North Macedonia). The comparison of the estimates of foreign fighters in Syria from the Western Balkans with data from several sources led us to understand the existence of a precise narrative towards the region and the Islamist religion. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Strony
20--35
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • University of Genoa
Bibliografia
  • Alexandrova-Arbatova, N. 2004. European security and international terrorism: the Balkan connection, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4 (3), 361-378.
  • Arsovska, J., and Dimal Basha. 2012. Gobalizing the Western Balkans: Transnational Crime, Fundamental Islam and Unholy Alliances. Études caribéennes.
  • Azinović, V., and Muhamed Jusić. 2015. The lure of the Syrian war: the foreign fighters' Bosnian contingent. Atlantic Initiative.
  • Azinović, V., and Muhamed Jusić. 2016. The new lure of the Syrian war: the foreign fighters' Bosnian contingent. Atlantic Initiative.
  • Bąkowski, P., and Laura Puccio. 2016. Foreign fighters - Member State responses and EU action. European Parliamentary Research Service.
  • Barret, R. 2014. Foreign fighters in Syria. The Soufan Group.
  • Barret, R. 2017. Beyond the caliphate. Foreign fighters and the threat of returnees. The Soufan Group.
  • BBC 2018. Islamic State and the crisis in Iraq and Syria in maps. BBC, March 23. https:// www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27838034.
  • Benazzo, S. (2016). BOSNIA: Se non è rivendicato, non è attentato [BOSNIA: If not Claimed it is not a Terrorist Attack]. East Journal, January 27. https://www.eastjournal. net/archives/69443.
  • Beta (2015). Ko je Nerdin Ibrić, napadač na policijsku stanicu u Zvorniku [Who is Nerdin Ibrić, the attacker of a police station in Zvornik]. N1, April 28. http://ba.n1info.com/ Vijesti/a39033/Ko-je-Nerdin-Ibric-napadac-na-policijsku-stanicu-u-Zvorniku.html.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina Council of Ministers (2015). Strategy of Bosnia and Herzegovina for preventing and combating terrorism 2015-2020. Sarajevo: Bosnia and Herzegovina Council of Ministers
  • Brandon, J. (2009). The Danger of Prison Radicalization in the West. CTC Sentinel, 2 (12), 1-4.
  • Carenzi, Silvia (2017). Il ritorno dei foreign fighters europei: rischi e prospettive. [The European foreign fighters' coming back: risks and perspectives]. Ispi.
  • Central Intelligence Agency (2017). Cia World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  • Corradi, E. (2018). Is 'Balkanism' still actual? A study over Italian newspapers' perception about Islam in Western Balkans. Balkan Social Science Review, 11, 131-147.
  • Cronin, A. K. (2002). Behind the Curve. Globalization and International Terrorism. International Security, Vol. 27 (3), 30-58.
  • Dearden, L. (2016). Isis attack on Israeli football team foiled by police at World Cup qualifier in Albania. The Independent, November 17. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ world/europe/isis-attack-israeli-israel-football-team-police-kosovo-terror-simultaneous-a7422696.html.
  • Deliso, C. (2007). The coming Balkan caliphate. The threat of radical Islam to Europe and the West. London: Praeger Security International.
  • Fletora Zyrtare (2014) Fletora Zyrtare n° 132 [Official Gazette n° 132]. Fletora Zyrtare. Available at: www.qbz.gov.al/botime/fletore_zyrtare/2014/PDF-2014/132-2014.pdf.
  • Gibas-Krzak, D. (2013). Contemporary terrorism in the Balkans: a real threat to security in Europe. Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 26, 203-218.
  • Hammond, A. (2006). Balkanism in Political Context: from the Ottoman Empire to the EU. Westminster papers in Communication and Culture, 3 (3), 6-26.
  • Hegghammer, T. (2010). The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters. International Security, 35 (3), 53-94.
  • Hegghammer, T. (2016). The Future of Jihadism in Europe: a pessimistic view. Perspectives on Terrorism10 (6), 156-170.
  • Hegghammer, T. (2020). The Caravan: Abdallah Azzam and the Rise of Global Jihad. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hetemi, A. (2015). Orientalism, Balkanism and the Western Viewpoint in the Context of the Former Yugoslavia. Illiria International Review, 5 (1), 311-335.
  • Index (2006). U Sarajevu nožem izmasakrirao vlastitu majku [In Sarajevo, the stabber who slaughtered his mother]. Index, February 28. https://www.index.hr/Vijesti/clanak/u-sarajevu-nozem-izmasakrirao-vlastitu-majku/309391.aspx.
  • Index (2002). U Kostajnici pokopani ubijeni članovi obitelji Anđelić [In Kostajnic the killer of the Anđelić family]. Index, December 27. https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/u-kostajnici-pokopani-ubijeni-clanovi-obitelji-andjelic/109574.aspx.
  • Karklis, L. and Tim Meko (2017). The rise and fall of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. The Washington Post, October 17. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middleeast-47210891.
  • Kasfi r, N. (2015). Rebel governance - constructing a field of inquiry: definitions, scope, patterns, order, causes. Chapter 1 in Rebel Governance in Civil War, edited by Ana Arjona, Nelson Kasfir and Zachariah Mampilly, 21-46. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kepel, G. (2003). The origins and development of the jihadist movement: from anti-communism to terrorism. Asian Affairs, 34 (2), 91-108.
  • Kepel. G. (2008). Beyond terror and martyrdom: The future of the Middle East. Cambridge, Harvard Belknap Press.
  • Koneska, Cvete (2014). After Ethnic Conflict. Policy-making in Post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia. Dorchester: Ashgate.
  • Kursani, S. (2015). Report inquiring into the causes and consequences of Kosovo citizens involvement as foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq. Kosovar Center for Security Studies.
  • Lebl, L. S. (2014). Islamism and security in Bosnia-Herzegovina. U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute.
  • Li, Q. & Schaub, D. (2004). Economic Globalization and Transnational Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48 (2), 230-258.
  • Malet, D. (2010). Why Foreign Fighters? Historical Perspectives and Solutions. Orbis, Winter 2010, 97-114.
  • Metodieva, A. (2018). Balkan foreign fighters are coming back: what should be done? Strategic Policy Institute.
  • Muji, A. (2017). Reintegration of Returning Foreign Fighters: what approach best suits Kosovo? Kosovar Centre for Security Studies.
  • Nesser, P. (2008). Chronology of Jihadism in Western Europe 1994-2007: planned, prepared, and executed terrorist attacks. Studies in Confl ct & Terrorism, 31, 924-946.
  • Nesser, P. (2010). Chronology of Jihadism in Western Europe Update 2008-2010. Norwegian Defence Research Establishment.
  • Nesser, P. (2014). Toward an Increasingly Heterogeneous Threat: A Chronology of Jihadist Terrorism in Europe 2008-2013. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37, 440-456.
  • Neumann, P. R. (2010). Prisons and Terrorism. Radicalisation and De-radicalisation in 15 Countries. International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence.
  • Neumann, P. R. (2016). Radicalized. New jihadists and the threat to the West. London: I. B. Tauris.
  • Nezavisne (2015). Ovo je Enes Omeragić, sarajevski terorista, koji je ubio dva vojnika [This is Enes Omeragić, the terrorist from Sarajevo who killed two soldiers]. Nezavisne, November 19. https://www.nezavisne.com/novosti/bih/Ovo-je-Enes-Omeragic-sarajevski-terorista-koji-je-ubio-dva-vojnika/337394.
  • Paini, S. (2016). La mezzaluna d'Europa [The European Crescent Moon]. XXX: La Scuola.
  • Péclard, Didier & Mechoulan, Delphine (2015). Rebel Governance and the Politics of Civil War. Swiss Peace Foundation, Working Paper.
  • Republic of Kosovo (2012). Republic of Kosovo National Strategy against Terrorism. Prishtinë: Republika e Kosovës - Qeveria.
  • Republic of North Macedonia (2014). Закoн за измeнуваeњ на кpивичниoт закoник [Law on Amendments of the Criminal Code]. Republic of North Macedonia. Available at: www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/100862/121256/F-907376224/64.pdf.
  • Roy, Olivier (2017). Jihad and Death: The Global Appeal of the Islamic State. London: C Hurst & Co.
  • Ruby, C. (2002). The Definition of Terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2 (1), 9-14.
  • Selimi, K. & Stojkovski, F. (2016). Assessment of Macedonia's efforts in countering violent extremism view from civil society. Analitika.
  • Shtuni, A. (2015). Ethnic Albanians foreign fi ghters in Iraq and Syria. CTC Sentinel, 8 (4), 11-14.
  • Squires, N. (2017). Italian police break up alleged jihadist cell that planned to attack Venice's Rialto Bridge. The Telegraph, March 30. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/ news/2017/03/30/italian-police-break-alleged-jihadist-cell-planned-attack-venices/.
  • Strazzari, F. & Stambøl, M. (2015). We saw it coming: jihadist terrorism, challenges for the European Union. Nupi Norwegian Institute of International Aff airs.
  • Tilly, C. (2004). Terror, Terrorism, Terrorists. Sociological Theory, 22 (1), 5-13.
  • Todorova, M. (1994). The Balkans: From Discovery to Invention. Slavic Review, 5 (2), 453-482.
  • Todorova, M. (2009). Imagining the Balkans. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Tziampiris, A. (2009). Assessing Islamic terrorism in the Western Balkans: the state of the debate. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 11 (2), -219.
  • UNSC (2014). Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014). United Nations Security Council.
  • Urdal, H. (2004). The Devil in the Demographics: Th e Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed Confl ict, 1950-2000. Confl ict Prevention & Reconstruction, 14.
  • Vecernji (2016). Grabar Kitarović: Iz Islamske države u BiH se vraća tisuće boraca. Vecernji, December 6, https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/grabar-kitarovic-iz-islamskedrzave-u-bih-se-vraca-tisuce-boraca-1133717.
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2001). The New Global Threat: Transnational Salafis and Jihad. Middle East Policy, 8 (4), 18-38.
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2005). A Genealogy of radical Islam. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 28 (2), 75-97.
  • Wiktorowicz, Q. (2006). Anatomy of the Salafi Movement. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 29 (3), 207-239.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171604451

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.