Organizations and History - Are There Any Lessons to Be Learned From Genocide?

• Autorzy: Yiannis Gabriel , Peter Stokes

Warianty tytułu

Organizacje i historia - czy z ludobójstwa można wyciągnąć jakieś wnioski?

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The paper seeks to demonstrate that genocide is not a phenomenon marginal to the world of management and organizations, but one from which these disciplines stand to learn a lot and one to which they must contribute their own insights.

Approach: A historical and sociological review of some of the voluminous literature on genocide and the Nazi Holocaust.

Findings: Genocide is a highly organized process, requiring bureaucratic resources to initiate, sustain and, often, cover it up. It generates resistance and compliance, it makes use of material and social technologies, it is imbued with its own cultural values and assumptions and calls for its own morbid innovations and problem solving. Genocide requires the collaboration of numerous formal organizations, including armies, suppliers, intelligence and other services, but also informal networks and groups.

Limitations: Given the vast literature on genocide and the Nazi Holocaust, obviously only a small sample of crucial texts were reviewed and cited. All the same, they are enough to demonstrate that democide is not carried out by sadistic maniacs or by impersonal bureaucrats in line with the banality of evil hypothesis. It is carried out by organizational members, managing and problem-solving realities whose horrors do not impede them in their decision making.

Practical implications: At the same time, the authors argue that genocide cannot be studied outside historiography and that doing so leads to all kinds of gravely mistaken conclusions, even when theorized by distinguished scholars like Arendt and Bauman.

Originality: The article debunks some widely espoused theories of genocide, including the adiaphorization and banality of evil theses. (original abstract)

Cel: celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że ludobójstwo nie jest zjawiskiem marginalnym w sferze zarządzania i organizacji, lecz takim, z którego dyscypliny te czerpią wiele wniosków i do którego muszą wnosić własny wkład.

Podejście: historyczny i socjologiczny przegląd części obszernej literatury na temat ludobójstwa iż Holokaustu dokonanego przez nazistowskie Niemcy.

Wnioski: ludobójstwo jest wysoce zorganizowanym procesem, którego zainicjowanie, przeprowadzenie, a często zatuszowanie wymaga systemu biurokratycznego. Wywołuje opór i uległość, wykorzystuje techniki materialne i społeczne, jest przepojone własnymi wartościami i założeniami kulturowymi oraz stosuje własne przerażające innowacje i rozwiązania. Ludobójstwo wymaga współpracy wielu formalnych organizacji, w tym armii, dostawców, wywiadu i innych służb, ale także nieformalnych sieci i grup.

Ograniczenia: biorąc pod uwagę obszerną literaturę dotyczącą ludobójstwa i Holokaustu, przeanalizowano i zacytowano oczywiście tylko niewielką część najważniejszych dzieł. Mimo wszystko wystarczają one, aby wykazał, że masowych mordów nie dokonują sadystyczni maniacy ani bezosobowi biurokraci, zgodnie z hipotezą banalności zła. Prowadzą je członkowie organizacji, zarządzający danymi realiami i znajdujący konkretne rozwiązania, przy czym potworności nie przeszkadzają im w procesie decyzyjnym.

Implikacje praktyczne: autorzy również dowodzą, że ludobójstwa nie można badać poza dziedziną historiografii, gdyż prowadziłoby to do wszelkiego rodzaju głęboko błędnych wniosków, nawet jeżeli teoretycznie rozważają je wybitni uczeni, tacy jak Arendt i Bauman.

Oryginalność: w artykule obalono niektóre szeroko rozpowszechnione teorie ludobójstwa, w tym tezy adiaforyzacji i banalności zła. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Abuse; Anti-Semitism; Social exclusion

PL

Przemoc; Antysemityzm; Wykluczenie społeczne

• Czasopismo: Problemy Zarządzania
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 18
• Numer: nr 2 (88) Management as a Historic Symphony - Historic Approach to Organizational Studies
• Strony: 11--33

Twórcy

autor

Yiannis Gabriel

• University of Lund

autor

Peter Stokes

• De Montfort University

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7172/1644-9584.88.1