Ukraine and Greece - Two Diasporas: Engagement and Disengagement with the Homeland at Times of Crisis

• Autorzy: Foteini Kalantzi , Iryna Lapshyna
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This article focuses on the interrelationship between homeland and diaspora at times of crisis. It adopts a comparative lens to look into diasporic (dis)engagement with the homeland, specifically analysing the cases of Greece and Ukraine. The main research issues are how crises affect the engagement between homeland and diaspora - taking Greece and Ukraine as case studies - and which the defining contextual factors are that transform the diaspora engagement. The article unpacks the homeland-diaspora nexus concerning two states with different socio-political backgrounds, both going through severe political and economic crises. In so doing, the article gives prominence to the differentiation between the engagement of the two different diasporas with their home countries at times of crisis. Evidence suggests substantial engagement in the Ukrainian case while, in the Greek case, a more mixed attitude - leaning towards disengagement - is apparent. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Diaspora; Globalization; Citizen involvement; Nationality; Crisis situations; Sociology of migration

PL

Diaspora; Globalizacja; Zaangażowanie obywateli; Narodowość; Sytuacje kryzysowe; Socjologia migracji

• Czasopismo: Central and Eastern European Migration Review
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 9
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 15--33

Twórcy

autor

Foteini Kalantzi

• University of Oxford, UK

autor

Iryna Lapshyna

• University of Oxford, UK

Bibliografia

• Adamson F. (2005). Globalization, Transnational Political Mobilisation and Networks of Violence. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 18(1): 31-49.
• Anderson B. (1998). The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World. London: Verso.
• Antwi-Boateng O. (2012). After War Then Peace: The US-Based Liberian Diaspora as Peace-Building Norm Entrepreneurs. Journal of Refugee Studies 25(1): 93-112.
• Appadurai A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Bakewell O. (2009). Which Diaspora for Whose Development? Some Critical Questions about the Roles of African Diaspora Organizations as Development Actors. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies.
• Baser B., Swain A. (2008). Diasporas as Peacemakers: Third Party Mediation in Homeland Conflicts. International Journal on World Peace 25(3): 7-28.
• Bashair A. (2020). Love (from Afar) in the Time of Covid-19: Diaspora Humanitarianism and Pandemic Response. African Arguments, 14 May. Online: https://africanarguments.org/2020/05/22/love-from-afar-in-the-time-of-co... (accessed: 23 December 2020).
• Brinkerhoff J. (2008). Diaspora Identity and the Potential for Violence: Toward an Identity-Mobilization Framework. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research 8(1): 67-88.
• Brubaker R. (2005). The 'Diaspora' Diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies 28(1): 1-19.
• Carter S. (2005). The Geopolitics of Diaspora. Area 37(1): 54-63.
• Cavounidis J. (2016). The Emigration of Greeks and Diaspora Engagement Policies for Economic Development. Athens: Centre of Planning and Economic Research (KEPE).
• Chander A. (2001). Diaspora Bonds. New York University Law Review 76(4): 1005-1099.
• Christou A. (2011). Narrating Lives in (E)Motion: Embodiment, Belongingness and Displacement in Diasporic Spaces of Home and Return. Emotion, Space and Society 4(4): 249-257.
• Cochrane F. (2007). Civil Society Beyond The State: The Impact of Diaspora Communities on Peace Building. Global Media Journal: Mediterranean Edition 2(2): 19-29.
• Cohen R. (2008). Global Diasporas: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
• Collyer M. (2013). Emigration Nations: Policies and Ideologies of Emigrant Engagement. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Dag V. (2020). In Times of Crisis, Diaspora Groups Know What To Do. Open Democracy. Online: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/times-crisis-dia... (accessed: 23 December 2020).
• De Haas H. (2006). Engaging Diasporas: How Governments and Development Agencies Can Support Diaspora Involvement in the Development of Origin Countries. Oxford: International Migration Institute, University of Oxford.
• Delano A., Gamlen A. (2014). Comparing and Theorizing State Diaspora Relations. Political Geography 41(1): 43-53.
• Dunin-Wąsowicz R., Fomina J. (2020). The Euromaidan Moment. The Making of the Ukrainian Diasporic Civil Society in Poland, in: O. Oleinikova, O. J. Bayeh (eds), Democracy, Diaspora, Territory: Europe and Cross-Border Politics, pp. 91-112. London, New York: Routledge.
• Düvell F., Lapshyna I. (2015). The EuroMaidan Protests, Corruption, and War in Ukraine: Migration Trends and Ambitions. Washington DC: Migration Policy Institute. Online: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/euromaidan-protests-corruption-a... (accessed: 23 December 2020).
• ESRC (2015). Research Ethics Framework. Swindon: Economic and Social Research Council.
• Faure A. (2017). New Greek Migrants Remitting Behaviour: Exploring the Factors in the Rapid Decline of Remittances Inflows in Greece. Oxford: SEESOX Diaspora Briefs.
• Fedyuk O. (2020). The Digital Power of Ukrainians Abroad: Social Media Activism and Political Participation, in: O. Oleinikova, O. J. Bayeh (eds), Democracy, Diaspora, Territory: Europe and Cross-Border Politics, pp. 145-163. London, New York: Routledge.
• Frangos M. (2019). Failed Institution: The World Council of Hellenes Abroad (SAE) since 2008. Oxford: University of Oxford, SEESOX.
• Gamlen A. (2019). Human Geopolitics: States, Emigrants, and the Rise of Diaspora Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Godin M. (2018). Breaking the Silences, Breaking the Frames: A Gendered Diasporic Analysis of Sexual Violence in the DRC. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(8): 1390-1407.
• Grossman J. (2019). Toward a Definition of Diaspora. Ethnic and Racial Studies 42(8): 1263-1282.
• Hees D., Martin B. (2006). Repression, Backfire, and the Theory of Transformative Events. Mobilization: An International Journal 11(2): 249-276.
• Hirshmann A. (1970). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Hugo G., Bakalis S. (2014). Rethinking the Role of the Diaspora as a Key Part of a Development Strategy for Greece. Online: https://www.scribd.com/document/314696616/Hugo-Bakalis-rethinking-the-Ro... (accessed: 23 December 2020).
• Ionescu D. (2006). Engaging Diasporas as Development Partners for Home and Destination Countries: Challenges for Policymakers. Geneva: International Organisation for Migration.
• Kalantzi F. (2020). Diasporic Responses to the Pandemic: Some Initial Observations. Oxford: University of Oxford, SEESOX Diaspora Briefs.
• Kalantzi F., Anastasakis O. (2018). Political Elites and Diaspora Party Politics during the Crisis Years. Paper given to the conference Homeland-Diaspora Relations in Flux: Greece and Greeks Abroad at Times of Crisis, Oxford, 22-23 June.
• Kaldor M. (2001). New and Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
• Kamaras A. (2018). Diaspora Philanthropy: Opportunities and Constraints. Paper given to the conference Homeland-Diaspora Relations in Flux: Greece and Greeks Abroad at Times of Crisis, Oxford, 22-23 June.
• Kapur D. (2004). Remittances: The New Development Mantra. G-24 Discussion Paper Series No. 29. New York, Geneva: United Nations.
• Kitroeff A. (1989). The Greek State and the Diaspora: Venizelism Abroad, 1910-1932. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, Center for Hellenic Studies.
• Koinova M. (2010). Diasporas and International Politics: Utilising the Universalistic Creed of Liberalism for Particularistic and Nationalist Purposes, in: R. Bauböck, T. Faist (eds), Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, pp. 149-166. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
• Koinova M. (2011). Diasporas and Secessionist Conflicts. Ethnic and Racial Studies 33(2): 333-356.
• Koinova M. (2017). Beyond Statist Paradigms: Sociospatial Positionality and Diaspora Mobilization in International Relations. International Studies Review 19(4): 597-621.
• Koinova M. (2018). Critical Junctures and Transformative Events in Diaspora Mobilisation for Kosovo and Palestinian Statehood. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44(8): 1289-1308.
• Kolyada O., Raicheva A. (2018). Ukrainska diaspora yak chynnyk pohlyblennia zovnishnoekonomichnykh vidnosyn krainy [Ukrainian Diaspora as the Factor of External Economic Relations of the Country]. Online: http://ir.nusta.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/doc/3951/1/2774_IR.pdf (accessed: 25 December 2020).
• Kotabe M., Riddle L., Sonderegger P., Arun Täube F. (2013). Diaspora Investment and Entrepreneurship: The Role of People, Their Movements, and Capital in the International Economy. Journal of International Management 19(1): 3-5.
• Kovalchuk S., Korzh A. (2020). The Transnational Activism of Young Ukrainian Immigrants. in: O. Oleinikova, O. J. Bayeh (eds), Democracy, Diaspora, Territory: Europe and Cross-Border Politics, pp. 127-145. London, New York: Routledge.
• Kozachenko I. (2018). 'Re-Imagining' the Homeland? Languages and National Belonging in Ukrainian Diasporas since the EuroMaidan. Journal of Ukrainian Studies 5(2): 89-109.
• Lacroix T., Levitt P., Vari-Lavoisier I. (2016). Social Remittances and the Changing Transnational Political Landscape. Comparative Migration Studies 4, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-016-0032-0.
• Lapshyna I. (2019). Do Diasporas Matter? The Growing Role of the Ukrainian Diaspora in the UK and Poland in the Development of the Homeland in Times of War. Central and Eastern European Migration Review 8(1): 51-73.
• Levitt P., La Dehesa R. (2003). Transnational Migration and the Redefinition of the State: Variations and Explanations. Ethnic and Racial Studies 26(4): 587-611.
• Malyutina D. (2014). Evromaydan v Londone: Razvitie Transnatsionalnogo Protesta [Euromaidan in London: The Development of Transnational Protest]. Online: https://www.academia.edu/7753260/Euromaidan_in_London_the_development_of... (accessed: 25 December 2020).
• Mavroudi E. (2015). Helping the Homeland? Diasporic Greeks in Australia and the Potential for Homeland-Orientated Development at a Time of Economic Crisis, in: A. Christou, E. Mavroudi (eds), Dismantling Diasporas: Rethinking the Geographies of Diasporic Identity, Connection and Development, pp. 175-188. Farnham: Ashgate.
• Mavroudi E. (2018). Deconstructing Diasporic Mobilisation at a Time of Crisis: Perspectives from the Palestinian and Greek Diasporas. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 4(8): 1309-1324.
• Mavrodi G., Moutselos, M. (2016). Immobility in Times of Crisis? The Case of Greece, in: J.-M. Lafleur, M. Stanek (eds), South-North Migration of EU Citizens in Times of Crisis, pp. 33-48. Geneva: Springer Open.
• Melnyk L., Patalong M., Plottka J., Steinberg R. (2016). How the Ukrainian Diasporic Community in Germany Contributes to EU's Policy in Its Home Country. Policy Paper on Eastern Europe and Central Asia No. 02/16. Berlin: Institut für Europäische Politik.
• Menon R., Rumer E. B. (2016). Conflict in Ukraine: The Unwinding of the Post-Cold War Order. Cambridge, MA, London, UK: MIT Press.
• Minakov M. (2018). The Significance of Euromaidan for Ukraine and Europe. Online: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/the-significance-euromaidan-for-u... (accessed: 23 December 2020).
• National Herald (2020). The Hellenic Initiative Launches Covid-19 Emergency Response Fund for Greece. National Herald, 14 April. Online: https://www.thenationalherald.com/archive_coronavirus/arthro/the_helleni... (accessed: 23 December 2020).
• Newland K., Patrick E. (2004). Beyond Remittances: The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in their Countries of Origin. Washington DC: Migration Policy Institute.
• Nikolko M. (2019). Diaspora Mobilization and the Ukraine Crisis: Old Traumas and New Strategies. Ethnic and Racial Studies 42(11): 1870-1889.
• Oleinikova O., Bayeh J. (2020). Democracy, Diaspora, Territory: Europe and Cross-Border Politics. London, New York: Routledge.
• Orozco M., Garcia-Zanello E. (2009). Hometown Associations: Transnationalism, Philanthropy, and Development. Brown Journal of World Affairs 15(2): 57-73.
• Østergaard-Nielsen E. (2003). The Politics of Migrants' Transnational Political Practices. International Migration Review 37(3): 760-786.
• Østergaard-Nielsen E. (2006). Diasporas and Conflict Resolution: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution? Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies.
• Paerregaard K. (2010). Interrogating Diaspora: Power and Conflict in Peruvian Migration, in: R. Bauböck, T. Faist (eds), Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, pp. 91-108. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
• Papangelopoulos K., Merkle O. (2019). Investigating the Impact of Experiences Abroad on Perceptions of Corruption: A Case-Study on Greek Migrants in Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Oxford: University of Oxford.
• Pratsinakis M., Labrianidis, L. (2017). Crisis Brain Drain: Short-Term Pain/Long-Term Gain?, in: D. Tziovas (ed.), Greece in Crisis: The Cultural Politics of Austerity, pp. 87-106. London: I.B. Tauris.
• Pratsinakis M., Kafe A., Serôdio P. (2020). The Greek Diaspora in the UK During the Crisis: Migration, Integration, Relations with Greece and Return Perspectives. Athens: SEESOX/DiaNeosis.
• Prevelakis G. (2000). The Hellenic Diaspora and the Greek State: A Spatial Approach. Geopolitics 5(2): 171-185.
• Resende E., Budrytė D., Buhari-Gulmez D. (eds) (2018). Crisis and Change in Post-Cold War Global Politics. Ukraine in a Comparative Perspective. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Shain Y., Barth A. (2003). Diasporas and International Relations Theory. International Organization 57(3): 449-479.
• Solari C. (2010). Resource Drain vs Constitutive Circularity: Comparing the Gendered Effects of Post-Soviet Migration Patterns in Ukraine. Anthropology of East Europe Review 28(1): 215-238.
• Sökefeld M. (2006). Mobilizing in Transnational Space: A Social Movement Approach to the Formation of Diaspora. Global Networks 6(3): 265-284.
• Van Hear N. (2015). Diaspora Engagement in War-Torn Societies, in: R. Cohen, J. Story, N. Moon (eds), The Impact of Diasporas, pp. 18-22. Leicester: University of Leicester.
• Van Hear N., Pieke F., Vertovec S. (2004). The Contribution of UK-Based Diasporas to Development and Poverty Reduction. Oxford: Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS).

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17467/ceemr.2020.11