Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa : Is it Mean Reversion? A Fourier Unit Root Test Approach

• Autorzy: Gbenga A. Olalude , Hammed A. Olayinka , Oluwadare O. Ojo

Warianty tytułu

Wydatki na zdrowie w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej a zdolność powrotu do wartości średniej. Zastosowanie testu pierwiastka jednostkowego Fouriera

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of the paper is to examine the mean reversion in health expenditure of 45 sub-Saharan African countries. The series on current health expenditure (percent of GDP in total), obtained from the World Development Indicators, each spanned the years 2000-2017. We employed the Fourier unit root test, which allows modelling structural breaks, to deal with any such breaks that could arise as a result of a small sample size (18 years) of data available on health expenditure of the selected countries. The results showed evidence of mean reversion in the health spending pattern of 27 sub-Saharan African countries. There is evidence of nonmean reversion in the health expenditure pattern of the remaining 18 countries considered. We further investigate the link between health expenditure and health outcome, using infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rate as health outcome variables. An inverse association could be observed between the infant mortality rate and health expenditure and between the under-five mortality rate and health expenditure in 24 sub-Saharan African countries. On the other hand, in 13 other sub-Saharan African countries we observed a positive association between the variables. The findings of this study could be of great importance to healthcare delivery programmes in the studied countries. (original abstract)

Celem pracy jest zbadanie zdolności powrotu do wartości średniej (ang. mean reversion) w wydatkach na zdrowie w 45 krajach Afryki Subsaharyjskiej. Analizowany jest szereg czasowy odnoszący się do bieżących wydatków na zdrowie (w procentach nominalnego PKB) w okresie 2000-2017. Dane pozyskano z bazy światowych wskaźników rozwoju prowadzonej przez Bank Światowy. Ze względu na prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia skoków strukturalnych spowodowane stosunkowo krótkim szeregiem czasowym (18 lat) oraz potencjalnymi lukami w dostępnych danych zastosowano test pierwiastka jednostkowego Fouriera, pozwalający na modelowanie skoków w danych. Wyniki analizy pozwoliły stwierdzić zdolność powrotu do wartości średniej wydatków na zdrowie w 27 spośród badanych krajów. W przypadku pozostałych 18 krajów nie stwierdzono takiej zdolności. Za pomocą dwóch wskaźników: umieralności niemowląt oraz śmiertelności dzieci poniżej piątego roku życia przeanalizowano również związek między wydatkami na zdrowie a skutecznością ochrony zdrowia. Negatywną zależność zaobserwowano w 24 krajach, a pozytywną - w 13. Wyniki niniejszego badania mogą mieć duże znaczenie dla programów opieki zdrowotnej w badanych krajach. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Expenditures on health care; Health service; Flexible Fourier Form

PL

Wydatki na ochronę zdrowia; Służba zdrowia; Giętka forma Fouriera

• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Statystyczne
• Rocznik: 2021
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 25--44

Twórcy

autor

Gbenga A. Olalude

• Federal Polytechnic Ede, Nigeria

autor

Hammed A. Olayinka

• University of Ibadan, Nigeria

autor

Oluwadare O. Ojo

• Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0014.8324