Gwarancje równości szans i równości traktowania osób niepełnosprawnych w ustawodawstwie USA

• Autorzy: Maria Taniewska-Peszko

Warianty tytułu

The Safeguarding of the Equality of Opportunities and the Equality of Treatment of Disabled Persons in the Legislation of the USA

Les garanties de l'égalité des chances et celle de traitement des handicapés dans la législation aux Etats-Unis

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Prezentując ustawodawstwo USA kładące szczególny nacisk na potrzeby osób niepełnosprawnych, z oczywistych względów należy w niniejszym opracowaniu skupić się zwłaszcza na kwestiach związanych z zatrudnieniem. Nie sposób jednak całkowicie pominąć regulacji odnoszących się do innych sfer życia, zwłaszcza takich jak kwestia dostępu osoby niepełnosprawnej do dóbr i usług. Dopiero bowiem pełne zestawienie wszystkich obszarów chronionych prawem ukazać może rzeczywisty obraz zarówno statusu prawnego, jak i faktycznej sytuacji niepełnosprawnych w dzisiejszym społeczeństwie USA. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Among the legal acts aiming at the equalising of the chances of the American disabled with the healthy part of the society, it is the Americans with Disabilities Act (usually referred to in brief as ADA) that has a particulary fundamental and crucial significance. It is a huge legal act of a few dozen pages that forbids any discrimination against disabled people with respect to employment and guarantees their access, on an equal footing with healthy persons, to accomodation, commodities, services, transport, and telecommunication. The real importance of the ADA is hard to overestimate. Not only did it regulate, in the spirit of modern humanism, the right to equal chances and equable treatment of the disabled in the USA, but it also paved the way for legislative research on the whole of the American continent, and inspired and precipitated the rise of similar initiatives in other parts of the world. Not only the disabled themselves are placed unter the protection of the ADA, but also their families, and persons close to them. As regards the problems of employment, chapter 1 of the ADA forbids any discrimination both during the recruitment of candidates for a given position, and also in the content of the employment contracts singed by the employees, just as well as in the pay for work, in social services, promotions, in courses meant to improve the employees' qualifications, or in any rights connected with the employment. The ADA also puts the employer under the obligation to introduce all necessary, within the bounds of common sense, conveniences in the companies run by them so as to enable the qualified disabled either to take on a job, or to keep it. Complaints about the discrimination forbidden in the discussed chapter can be lodged with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission the deadline being 180 days after the perpetration of the deen regarded by the plaintiff as an act of discrimination. In order to facilitate the process of making and examining complaints, the Commission has at its disposal a complex network of local cells and offices in 50 cities of the US. It should be emphasised that it is necessary to put in a complaint and to obtain a special receipt acknowledging its acceptance by the Commission to bring a suit (in a federal court) against the employer, as a result of which the plaintiff may claim compensation. In the judicial practice, the courts tend to be quite severe for the employers, and the sums of compensation granted to the plaintiffs may often amount to thousand of dollars. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Osoby niepełnosprawne; Ustawodawstwo pracy; Zatrudnienie niepełnosprawnych; Dyskryminacja

EN

Disabled people; Labour legislation; Disabilities employment activity; Discrimination

• Czasopismo: Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej / Uniwersytet Śląski
• Rocznik: 1998
• Numer: nr 13
• Strony: 101--116

Twórcy

autor

Maria Taniewska-Peszko

Bibliografia

• Cooper J., Vernon S.: Disability and the Law. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. London-Bristol 1996.
• Taniewska-Peszko M.: Ochrona osób niepełnosprawnych przed dyskryminacją w zakresie zatrudnienia w ustawodawstwie Wielkiej Brytanii. W: "Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej". Red. A. Nowak. T. 12. Katowice 1997.
• Welter E. A.: Pre-Employment Inquiries Under The Americans With. Disabilities Act: What Can You Ask Your Applicants? Internet, 13.05.1997, http://www.rssm.com.