City Policies to Promote Entrepreneurship : a Cross-Country Comparison of Poland and Germany

• Autorzy: Jan Fazlagić , Aleksandra Szulczewska-Remi , Windham Loopesko
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The policy to promote entrepreneurship plays a central role in the strategic management of cities. Therefore, the research question asks how urban policies in Poland support knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship in comparison to German cities' policies. Also investigated is how do Polish and German cities support entrepreneurship in different forms (including social entrepreneurship, youth entrepreneurship, and creative industries). Methodology: To answer this question, we have adopted a multiple-case study methodology relying on multiple sources of evidence, primarily strategic documents of the biggest Polish cities in the context of cross-country comparison with selected large cities in Germany, and semi-structured interviews with decision-makers representing municipalities from the analyzed cities in Poland. Building on the concept of the knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship, we refer to the approach in which spillovers of knowledge are a strategic lever through which firms distribute innovation and have profound implications for the region's entrepreneurial activities development. Findings/research and practical implications: The research enriches our understanding of urban policies in Poland that support knowledge spillovers and entrepreneurship, and discovers the possible relationship between factors determining entrepreneurship in Polish and German cities. In all Polish and German cities, entrepreneurship was an important component of economic development strategy. However, Polish cities depend on EU funding to a much greater extent than German cities in implementing their economic development strategies. Cluster strategies in the framework of key cities' industries were embedded in most urban policies, but a majority of Polish respondents believed that their cities should place greater emphasis on this policy. The main challenge for policy-makers is that current entrepreneurial polices should be more effective and oriented towards reinforcing the social perception of entrepreneurship, especially among young inhabitants. Originality/value: The research allowed enough data to be gathered to answer the research questions. However, future research validating the results in quantitative study is suggested. Also, some limitations in the research process were highlighted, such as a lack of personal contact with the respondents or different levels of economic development among Polish and German cities. Our research demonstrates the opportunities for knowledge spillover and sharing of good practices between the two countries. (original abstract)

Cel: Polityka promowania przedsiębiorczości odgrywa kluczową rolę w strategicznym zarządzaniu miastami. Stąd też, pytanie badawcze postawione w artykule dotyczy tego, czym polityka miejska w Polsce wspierająca rozprzestrzenianie się wiedzy i przedsiębiorczość różni się od polityk miast niemieckich. Zbadano również, w jaki sposób miasta polskie i niemieckie wspierają przedsiębiorczość w różnych formach (m.in. przedsiębiorczość społeczną, przedsiębiorczość młodzieży, przemysły kreatywne). Metodyka: W celu udzielenia odpowiedzi na tak postawione pytanie badawcze, wykorzystano metodologię wielokrotnego studium przypadku, opierając się na różnych danych źródłowych, przede wszystkim na dokumentach strategicznych największych polskich miast w kontekście porównań międzynarodowych z wybranymi dużymi miastami w Niemczech, a także częściowo ustrukturyzowane wywiady z decydentami reprezentującymi analizowane miasta w Polsce. Wykorzystując teorię przedsiębiorczości w zakresie rozprzestrzeniania się wiedzy, odniesiono się do podejścia, w którym rozprzestrzenianie się wiedzy stanowi strategiczną dźwignię, dzięki której przedsiębiorstwa rozpowszechniają innowacje, co przekłada się na rozwój przedsiębiorczości w regionie. Wyniki / badawcze i praktyczne implikacje: Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na wzbogacenie istniejącej wiedzy w zakresie polityk miejskich w Polsce wspierających rozprzestrzenianie się wiedzy i przedsiębiorczość. Jednocześnie, dały możliwość rozpoznania związków między czynnikami determinującymi przedsiębiorczość w polskich i niemieckich miastach. We wszystkich miastach Polski i Niemiec przedsiębiorczość była ważnym elementem strategii rozwoju gospodarczego. Polskie miasta jednak, w znacznie większym stopniu niż niemieckie, wykorzystują przy jej realizacji fundusze unijne. Strategie klastrowe w ramach branż kluczowych miast były osadzone w większości polityk miejskich, chociaż większość polskich respondentów uważała, że ich miasta powinny położyć na nie większy nacisk. Głównym wyzwaniem stojącym przed decydentami będzie prowadzenie bardziej skutecznej polityki przedsiębiorczości ukierunkowanej na wzmocnienie jej społecznego postrzegania, zwłaszcza wśród młodych mieszkańców. Oryginalność / wartość: Badania umożliwiły zabranie wystarczających danych, aby odpowiedzieć na pytania badawcze, jednakże sugerowane jest przeprowadzenie dalszych pogłębionych badań ilościowych na reprezentatywnej próbie potwierdzających otrzymane wyniki. Ponadto, podczas badań odnotowano pewne ograniczenia wynikające z utraty osobistego kontaktu z respondentami czy zróżnicowanego poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego miast polskich i niemieckich. Jednocześnie, badania wskazały możliwości rozprzestrzeniania się wiedzy i wymiany dobrych praktyk między dwoma krajami. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Strategic management; City management; Entrepreneurship; Social entrepreneurship; Urban policy; Comparative analysis; Entrepreneurship support

PL

Zarządzanie strategiczne; Zarządzanie miastem; Przedsiębiorczość; Przedsiębiorczość społeczna; Polityka miejska; Analiza porównawcza; Wspieranie przedsiębiorczości

• Czasopismo: Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI)
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: 17
• Numer: nr 2 The Evolution of Strategic Management : Challenges in Theory and Business Practice
• Strony: 159--185

Twórcy

autor

Jan Fazlagić

• Poznań University of Economics and Business

autor

Aleksandra Szulczewska-Remi

• Poznań University of Economics and Business

autor

Windham Loopesko

• University of Colorado Denver, USA

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Identyfikatory

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7341/20211726