A Comparative Analysis of Men and Women's Hourly Earnings in Poland with Particular Emphasis on the Education Sector

• Autorzy: Joanna Landmesser , Marian Rusek , Olga Zajkowska
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Research background: There is the lack of a sector based analysis of wages for different genders. We present such an analysis regarding the education sector in Poland. Purpose: The study aims to compare hourly earnings for men and women in Poland, with particular emphasis on the education sector. We go beyond the simple Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and compare earnings distributions. Research methodology: First, we examine the hourly earnings inequalities using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure. Second, we extend this procedure to different quantile points along the whole earnings distribution by the use of the residual imputation approach. The results are obtained for the whole sample (people of all professions), for a group of teaching professionals, and for university and higher education teachers. Results: The magnitude of the gender hourly wage gap varies substantially depending on how the sample of interest is defined. It also heavily depends on the quantile of the analyzed distribution. Although the average gap in the educational sector is negative, the differences turn positive and increase with higher quantiles of distribution in favor of men. The disparity was most pronounced for university top professionals. Novelty: Our results provide novel insights into the sectoral dimension of the income gap. We analyze inequalities over whole distribution in the educational sector and compare them with wage inequalities in enterprises employing more than 9 people. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Wage gap; Education; Wage discrimination; Comparative analysis

PL

Luka płacowa; Edukacja; Dyskryminacja płacowa; Analiza porównawcza

• Czasopismo: Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
• Rocznik: 2021
• Numer: vol. 21, iss. 1
• Strony: 18--30

Twórcy

autor

Joanna Landmesser

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland

autor

Marian Rusek

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Poland (SGGW)

autor

Olga Zajkowska

• University of Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• Addison, J.T., Ozturk, O.D., Wang, S. (2018). The Occupational Feminization of Wages. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 71 (1), 208-241. DOI: 10.1177/0019793917708314.
• Antecol, H., Bedard, K., Stearns, J. (2018). Equal but Inequitable: Who Benefits from Gender-Neutral Tenure Clock Stopping Policies? American Economic Review, 108 (9), 2420-2441. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20160613.
• Barbezat, D.A., Hughes, J.W. (2005). Salary Structure Effects and the Gender Pay Gap in Academia. Research in Higher Education, 46 (6), 621-640. DOI: 10.1007/s11162-004-4137-1.
• Bergman, B.R. (1971). The Effecton on White Incomes if Discrimination in Employment. Journal of Political Economy, 79 (2), 294-313. DOI: 10.1086/259744.
• Blinder, A. (1973). Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates. Journal of Human Resources, 8 (4), 436-455. DOI: 10.2307/144855.
• Chen, J.J., Crown, D. (2019). The Gender Pay Gap in Academia: Evidence from the Ohio State University. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 101 (5), 1337-1352. DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aaz017.
• Cukrowska-Torzewska, E., Lovasz, A. (2016). Are children driving the gender wage gap? Comparative evidence from Poland and Hungary. Economics of Transition, 24 (2), 259-297. DOI: 10.1111/ecot.12090.
• DiNardo, J., Fortin, N.M., Lemieux, T. (1996). Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992: A Semiparametric Approach. Econometrica, 64 (5), 1001-1044. DOI: 10.2307/2171954.
• Donald, S.G., Green, D.A., Paarsch, H.J. (2000). Differences in Wage Distributions between Canada and the United States: An Application of a Flexible Estimator of Distribution Functions in the Presence of Covariates. Review of Economic Studies, 67 (4), 609-633. DOI: 10.1111/1467-937X.00147.
• Fortin, N., Lemieux, T., Firpo, S. (2010). Decomposition Methods in Economics. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, 16045. DOI: 10.3386/w16045.
• Goraus, K., Tyrowicz, J., van der Velde, L. (2017). Which Gender Wage Gap Estimates to Trust? A Comparative Analysis. Review of Income and Wealth, 63 (1), 118-146. DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12209.
• Hengel, E. (2017). Publishing while Female. Are Women Held to Higher Standards? Evidence from Peer Review. Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, 1753, University of Cambridge.
• Juhn, Ch., Murphy, K.M., Pierce, B. (1993). Wage inequality and the rise in returns to skill. Journal of Political Economy, 101, 410-442. DOI: 10.1086/261881.
• Landmesser, J. (2016). Decomposition of Differences in Income Distributions Using Quantile Regression. Statistics in Transition - new series, 17 (2), 331-348. DOI: 10.21307/stat-trans-2016-023.
• Landmesser, J.M., Karpio, K., Łukasiewicz, P. (2015). Decomposition of Differences Between Personal Incomes Distributions in Poland. Quantitative Methods in Economics, XVI (2), 43-52.
• Machado, J.F., Mata, J. (2005). Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 20, 445-465. DOI: 10.1002/jae.788.
• Majchrowska, A., Strawiński, P., Konopczak, K., Skierska, A. (2014). Why are women paid less than men? An investigation into gender wage gap in Poland. Working Papers, 31/2014 (148), Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
• Matysiak, A., Baranowska, A., Słoczyński, T. (2010). Kobiety i mężczyźni na rynku pracy. In: M. Bukowski (ed.). Zatrudnienie w Polsce 2008 - Praca w cyklu życia. Warszawa: Human Resources Development Center.
• Oaxaca, R. (1973). Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets. International Economic Review, 14 (3), 693-709. DOI: 10.2307/2525981.
• Słoczyński, T. (2012). Próba wyjaśnienia regionalnego zróżnicowania międzypłciowej luki płacowej w Polsce. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 3 (49), 65-84.
• Śliwicki, D., Ryczkowski, M. (2014). Gender Pay Gap in the micro level - case of Poland. Quantitative Methods in Economics, XV (1), 159-173.
• Zajkowska, O. (2013). Gender Pay Gap in Poland - Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition. Quantitative Methods in Economics, XIV (2), 272-278.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/foli-2021-0002