Determinanty zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce

• Autorzy: Sebastian Stępień , Jan Polcyn , Michał Borychowski

Warianty tytułu

Determinants of a Balanced Economic and Social Development of Family Agricultural Farms in Poland

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Dyskusja nad zrównoważonym rozwojem drobnotowarowych gospodarstw rolnych wynika ze znaczenia zarówno samej koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju ekonomiczno-społecznego w odniesieniu do rolnictwa, jak i dużej roli małych rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce. We wskazanym obszarze istnieje niewątpliwa luka badawcza w zakresie przekrojowych badań dotyczących małych gospodarstw rolnych. Analizę przeprowadzoną w tym artykule osadzono w teorii ekonomii politycznej i nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej. Głównym celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników mikroekonomicznych i politycznych oraz powiązań z rynkiem, wpływających na poziom zrównoważenia ekonomiczno-społecznego rodzinnych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce. Na podstawie bazy danych obejmującej ponad 700 jednostek za pomocą metody TOPSIS obliczono najpierw stopień zrównoważenia ekonomiczno-społecznego gospodarstw, a następnie wykorzystując analizę regresji wielorakiej określono wpływ wybranych czynników na poziom tego zrównoważenia. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że kluczową determinantą zrównoważenia ekonomiczno-społecznego gospodarstw rolnych jest ich integracja z rynkiem i pozycja w łańcuchu marketingowym. Sprawnie działające kanały dystrybucji produktów rolnych i powiązania rolnika z kontrahentami wzmacniają pozycję ekonomiczno-społeczną gospodarstwa. Pozytywny wpływ ma także wykształcenie i młody wiek rolnika oraz wielkość produkcji i powierzchnia gospodarstwa. Z kolei wysoki udział dopłat z UE w dochodach rolnika oddziałuje negatywnie na zrównoważony rozwój gospodarstwa. Jeśli idzie o charakter produkcji, to typ mieszany produkcji rolniczej w większym stopniu wpływał na poziom zrównoważenia aniżeli jednostronna specjalizacja w produkcji roślinnej lub zwierzęcej. Powyższe zależności stanowią istotną wskazówkę dla polityki wsparcia drobnotowarowych gospodarstw rolnych w Polsce. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The discussion on a balanced development of small agricultural farms is justified by the importance of the very concept of a balanced economic and social development of agriculture and the important role of small family farms in the Polish agriculture. In this subject area, there is an evident research gap regarding cross-sectional research concerning small family farms. The analysis of this subject presented in this article is based on theoretical concepts of political economy and new institutional economics. The main aim of the article is to identify microeconomic and political factors and market links that affect the level of economic and applying the TOPSIS method, the authors calculated first the degree of economic and social balance in individual farms, and then using the multiple regression they estimated the impact of the selected factors on the equilibrium level. The analysis indicates that the key determinant of a balanced development of agricultural farms is their integration with the market and their position in the marketing chain. Efficient distribution channels and trade links strengthen the economic and social position of the farm. A positive effect is also provided by the education and young age of the farmer, as well as by the output volume and size of the farm. On the other hand, a high share of EU subsidies in the farmer's income hampers a balanced development of the farm. As far as production structure is concerned, a mixed production model contributes more to a balanced development of the farm than the one-sided specialization in the vegetable or animal production. These dependencies may be an important advice for the policy providing governmental support for small agricultural farms in Poland. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Rodzinne gospodarstwo rolne; Równowaga gospodarcza; Rozwój zrównoważony; Rolnictwo

EN

Family farm; Economic equilibrium; Sustainable development; Agriculture

• Czasopismo: Ekonomista
• Rocznik: 2021
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 56--86

Twórcy

autor

Sebastian Stępień

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

autor

Jan Polcyn

• Państwowa Uczelnia Stanisława Staszica w Pile

autor

Michał Borychowski

• Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu

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