Etyczne aspekty kapitału społecznego

• Autorzy: Maciej Frykowski

Warianty tytułu

Ethical Aspects of Social Capital

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Od początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych ogólna koncepcja kapitału społecznego, związana z zaufaniem jako jego specyficzną formą wzbudza coraz większe zainteresowanie wśród badaczy społeczności lokalnych. Termin "kapitał społeczny" stosowny był znacznie wcześniej. Jako pierwszy, w 1916 r. użył tego pojęcia praktyk - wizytator wiejskich szkól w Wirginii, L.J. Hanifan. Oznaczało ono dla niego te rzeczywiste dobra, które liczą się najbardziej w życiu codziennym ludzi: dobra wola, partnerstwo, sympatia i społeczna więź między jednostkami i rodzinami, która stwarza społeczną jedność. W miarę zwiększania się liczby kontaktów samotnej jednostki z innymi osobami, rosną zasoby społecznego kapitału. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Social capital may be defined as an inter-group potential which is based on: shared values, mutual trust and social network ties, which facilitates achieving the common goals. The question is, what is the function of social capital in entire society. There are two opposite views. According to Putnam's concept, the big stock of social capital increases the development of potential and facilitates the economic growth. In contrary, Olson claimed that numerous professional associations like trade unions, lobbies and special-interest groups, which increase the stock of social capital, restrain economic development. Originally, the term "social capital" had positive evaluation because its creators assumed that shared values and norms are morally acceptable. The contemporary meaning of this term is neutral. As Coleman claimed, the essence of social capital is an efficacy. It works regardless of the kind of goals determined by diverse values - just as other kinds of capital. Gambetta wrote that there are some kinds of social capital, for example within mafia groups, which should disappear for the common good. To solve this problem, Putnam estimated two basic types: the bonding and the bridging social capital. The first is exclusive and strengthens the inter-group ties. Consequently, the cooperation of group members is easier, but exchange of information with external world is much more difficult, and the distrust of strangers may cause xenophobia. The second type, the "bridging" capital based on generalized confidence in other people, is inclusive and enables over-group cooperation. Thus the criterion of evaluating social capital is pragmatic and not ethical one: it should be profitable for the maximum number of people. If a group in which it exists is big enough to include the whole nation, than it may facilitate achieving national aims, but at the same time it can be harmful for the other countries. Only the international cooperation and acceptance of basic moral norms eliminates this danger. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Etyka; Kapitał społeczny; Rozwój gospodarczy

EN

Ethics; Social capital; Economic development

• Czasopismo: Annales : etyka w życiu gospodarczym
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: 8
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 331--336

Twórcy

autor

Maciej Frykowski

• Uniwersytet Łódzki

Bibliografia

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