Rozważania nad pojęciem ekstremizmu

• Autorzy: Roman Tokarczyk

Warianty tytułu

Deliberations on the Notion of Extremism

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Przyjęte tutaj założenia badawcze mają na celu ukazanie w sposób syntetyczny najważniejszych elementów tworzących wspólnie problematykę ekstremizmu w ogóle, ze szczególnym jednak uwzględnieniem teoretycznej i praktycznej istoty współczesnego ekstremizmu politycznego. Tego rodzaju założenia badawcze na plan pierwszy wysuwają problemy pojęciowe, definicyjne, źródłowe, typologiczne, metodologiczne, komparatystyczne, koncepcyjne i ocenne. Ogólność, a nawet ogólnikowość rozważań, warunkowana ograniczoną objętością niniejszego tekstu, zmusza wręcz autora do unikania opisów rzeczywistych przejawów niezliczonych form ekstremizmu. (fragment tekstu)

EN

The paper aims at synthetic presentation of the most important elements making up the issues related to extremism in general, with particular attention paid to theoretical and practical essence of contemporary political extremism. With such research assumption the issues related to notions, definitions, sources, estimations, as well as typological, methodological, comparative and creative problems come to the fore. The scientific literature devoted to political extremism, despite its great volume, disappoints with very modest results of research. Extremism, that is, a synthetic cross section of the essence of all forms of extremism only sometimes becomes the subject of research. It may result from the fact that the studies in this field have been dominated by the interest in political extremism mainly, which added to them the cognitive character, incapable of grasping the complex phenomenon pervading the whole social reality, which extremism is in its different forms. Multidimensional, systematic analysis of extremism requires defining and typology of its forms, elucidating their connections, showing differences, similarities and identities. However, even the results of studies of political extremism cannot impress, since they mostly consist in the statement that extremism is antidemocratic, dogmatic, funda-mentalistic, repressive, terroristic, etc., so the results of the studies point to the characteristics assumed at the very beginning of these studies. Attempts at striving for cognitive multidimensionality meet with basic difficulty connected with constructing the conception adequate to it. Normative interpretation of political extremism, reducing its deepest sense to the extreme forms of opposition to the democratic state of law, reveals many doubts, but still, it does not elucidate them. New questions thus arise. Is there a substantive connection between aims and methods? Do non-democratic means that extremism reaches for, have to be connected with non-democratic aims? Maybe, there are democratic aims, which are, or even should be reached with the use of non-democratic means. And perhaps there are democratic aims which are or even should be attained by non-democratic means. Do all the groups, defined as extremist, strive for non-democratic aims, or do they use only non-democratic means? Does the aim become non-democratic, because it has to be attained by non-democratic means? These questions await well-founded answers. Philosophical interpretations of extremism help understand the contemporary political extremism, both rightist and leftist. Significant results of studies refer to the contemporary rightist extremism, but they are unsatisfactory, with regard to elucidating the contemporary leftist extremism, which results, first of all, from a significant transportation of thoughts, movements, parties, states and means of operating, described together as leftist extremism, after the collapse of the socialist system. Clear separation of what is anarchistic, communist, socialist, socialdemocratic, autonomic, or related to protest, anti-establishment and terrorism should be regarded as a great research success. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Polityka; Zachowania społeczne; Regulacje prawne

EN

Politics; Social behaviour; Legal regulations

• Czasopismo: Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio G. Ius
• Rocznik: 2003/2004
• Tom: 50/51
• Strony: 253--280

Twórcy

autor

Roman Tokarczyk

• Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie

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