Inequality and Students' PISA 2018 Performance : a Cross-Country Study

• Autorzy: Jiri Mazurek , Carlos Fernández García , Cristina Pérez Rico

Warianty tytułu

Nierówności a wyniki badania umiejętności uczniów PISA 2018 : porównanie międzykrajowe

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between countries' PISA study results from 2018 and a set of indices related to socio-economic inequality, such as the Gini index, human development index, or gender inequality index, along with purely economic variables, such as GDP per capita and government expenditure on education. The study covered 70 countries, consisting of 37 OECD countries and 33 non-OECD countries. Research methods included multivariate linear regression models, k-means clustering, and hierarchical clustering. Our findings revealed that the Gini index was statistically insignificant, indicating income inequality had little effect on students' PISA performance. On the other hand, the gender inequality index was the single most statistically significant explanatory variable for both OECD and non-OECD countries. Therefore, our recommendation for policymakers is simple: increase students' PISA performance, thus enhancing countries' human capital and competitiveness, and focus on decreasing gender disparity and the associated loss of achievement due to gender inequality. (original abstract)

Celem tego artykułu było zbadanie związku między wynikami badania PISA przeprowadzonego w poszczególnych krajach w 2018 r. a zestawem wskaźników związanych z nierównościami społeczno-ekonomicznymi, takimi jak indeks Giniego, wskaźnik rozwoju społecznego czy wskaźnik nierówności płci, oraz ze zmiennymi czysto ekonomicznymi, takimi jak PKB per capita i wydatki rządowe na edukację. Badaniem objęto 70 krajów, w tym 37 krajów OECD i 33 kraje spoza OECD. Metody badawcze obejmowały wielowymiarowe modele regresji liniowej, grupowanie k-średnich i grupowanie hierarchiczne. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wykazały, że wskaźnik Giniego był statystycznie nieistotny, co wskazuje, że nierówności dochodowe miały niewielki wpływ na wyniki uczniów w badaniu PISA. Z drugiej strony, wskaźnik nierówności płci był jedyną najbardziej istotną statystycznie zmienną objaśniającą zarówno dla krajów OECD, jak i spoza OECD. Dlatego nasza rekomendacja dla decydentów jest prosta: należy zwiększyć wyniki uczniów w badaniu PISA, a tym samym osiągnąć poprawę w obszarze kapitału ludzkiego i konkurencyjności krajów, oraz skupić się na zmniejszaniu nierówności płci i związanej z tym utraty osiągnięć edukacyjnych wynikających z nierówności płci. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Education; Gender inequality; Gini coefficient

PL

Edukacja; Nierówność płci; Współczynnik Giniego

• Czasopismo: Comparative Economic Research
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: 24
• Numer: nr 3
• Strony: 163--183

Twórcy

autor

Jiri Mazurek

• Silesian University in Opava

autor

Carlos Fernández García

• Universidad Tecnica de Ambato, Quito, Ecuador

autor

Cristina Pérez Rico

• Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.18778/1508-2008.24.27