PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
2021 | 14 | nr 3 | 105--126
Tytuł artykułu

Do Gays and Lesbians Experience more Frequent and Longer Unemployment?

Autorzy
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare the probability of unemployment and duration of joblessness between partnered gays, lesbians and their straight peers in the EU. Design/methodology/approach. Existence of potential differences in the outcomes is tested by multilevel logistic regression model (probability of unemployment) and multilevel linear regression model (length of joblessness) using the EU Labour Force Survey data from 2008 to 2015. Findings. Gays have been found to have a significantly higher unemployment probability and (weakly significantly) a longer duration of joblessness than comparable straight men. No significant difference was identified in unemployment probabilities of lesbians and heterosexual women but the joblessness duration appears to be significantly shorter in lesbians. Originality/value. Previous research indicated that lesbians and gays face barriers in access to employment. To author's knowledge this is the first study which investigates whether gay people experience prolonged joblessness. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Tom
14
Numer
Strony
105--126
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
  • Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Bibliografia
  • Antecol, H., Cobb-Clark, D. A., & Helland, E. (2014). Bias in the Legal Profession: Self-Assessed versus Statistical Measures of Discrimination. The Journal of Legal Studies, 43(2), 323-357. https://doi.org/10.1086/677299
  • Antecol, H., & Steinberger, M. D. (2013). Labor Supply Differences between Married Heterosexual Women and Partnered Lesbians: A Semi-Parametric Decomposition Approach. Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 783-805. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2010.00363.x/full
  • Arrow, K. J. (1973). The theory of discrimination. In O. Ashenfelter & A. Rees (Eds.), Discrimination in labor markets (pp. 3-33). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Badgett, M. V. L., & King, M. C. (1997). Lesbian and gay occupational strategies. In A. Gluckman & B. Reed (Eds.), Homo Economics, Capitalism, Community, and Lesbian and Gay Life (pp. 73-86). New York: Routledge.
  • Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2014). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. ArXiv Preprint. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.5823.pdf
  • Becker, G. S. (1971). The Economics of Discrimination (2nd ed.).
  • Becker, G. S. (1981). A Treatise on the Family. Retrieved from http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674906990
  • Becker, G. S. (1985). Human Capital, Effort, and the Sexual Division of Labor. Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1, Part 2), 33-58. https://doi.org/10.2307/2534997
  • Bell, M. P., Berry, D. P., Marquardt, D. J., & Green, T. G. (2013). Introducing discriminatory job loss: antecedents, consequences, and complexities. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(6), 584-605. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-10-2012-0319
  • Black, D., Sanders, S., & Taylor, L. (2007). The economics of lesbian and gay families. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 53-70. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/aea/jep/2007/00000021/00000002/art00003
  • Burgess, S., & Rees, H. (1996). Job Tenure in Britain 1975-92. The Economic Journal, 106(435), 334-344.
  • Burn, I. (2014). Pride, Prejudice, and Wages: An Empirical Assessment of Models of Taste********Based Discrimination for Gay Men. Retrieved from http://www.sofi.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.315053.1484157092!/menu/standard/file/JMP_IanBurn.pdf
  • Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2005). Microeconometrics Methods and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Carpenter, C. (2004). New evidence on gay and lesbian household incomes. Contemporary Economic Policy, 22(1), 78-94. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/37840877?accountid=135842
  • Chung, Y. (1995). Career decision making of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. The Career Development Quarterly. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1995.tb00684.x/full
  • Chung, Y. B. (2001). Work discrimination and coping strategies: Conceptual frameworks for counseling lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. The Career Development Quarterly, Vol. 50, pp. 33-44. US: American Counseling Assn.
  • Clasen, J., Gould, A., & Vincent, J. (1997). Long-term Unemployment and the Threat of Social Exclusion: A Cross-national Analysis of the Position of Long-term Unemployed People in Germany, Sweden and Britain. Bristol: The Policy Press.
  • Dillender, M. (2015). Health Insurance and Labor Force Participation: What Legal Recognition Does for Same-Sex Couples. Contemporary Economic Policy, 33(2), 381-394. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/coep.12076/pdf
  • Drydakis, N. (2012). Sexual Orientation Discrimination in the Cypriot Labour Market: Distastes Or Uncertainty? Retrieved from http://books.google.ie/books/about/Sexual_Orientation_Discrimination_in_the.html?id=DE1EMwEACAAJ&pgis=1
  • Drydakis, N. (2014). Sexual orientation and labour market outcomes. IZA World of Labor. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.111
  • Eurostat. (2017). The European Union Labour Force Survey (EU LFS). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/european-union-labour-force-survey
  • Fasoli, F., Maass, A., Paladino, M. P., & Sulpizio, S. (2017). Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(5), 1261-1277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-0962-0
  • Fischer, M. M. (2016). Identifying same-sex couples in cross-national survey data: A comparison of same-sex couples' demographic and socio-economic traits in six European. Nederland in Context: Verschillen En Overeenkomsten, 50(7), 50-79.
  • Retrieved https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/2658820/173179_ESS_Nederland_in_context_Chapter.pdf
  • Flora, D. (2017). Statistical Methods for the Social and Behavioural Sciences: A Model-Based Approach. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=nl&lr=&id=4mcCDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT20&dq=Statistical+Methods+for+the+Social+and+Behavioural+Sciences:+A+Model********Based&ots=WjpOJsc7h8&sig=D3MLcxUX7pOS57A0WGHKPyIz0uY
  • FRA. (2020). EU LGBTI Survey II Data explorer. Retrieved May 21, 2020, from https://fra.europa.eu/en/data-and-maps/2020/lgbti-survey-data-explorer Frank, J. (2004). Gay Glass Ceilings. Retrieved from Department of Economics, Royal Holloway University of London website: http://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:hol:holodi:0420
  • Freeman, J. B., Ambady, N., Johnson, K. L., & Rule, N. O. (2010). Sexual Orientation Perception Involves Gendered Facial Cues. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210378755
  • Fric, K. (2017). Access to the Labour Market for Gays and Lesbians - Research Review. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 29(4), 319-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720.2017.1365671
  • Fric, K. (2019). How does being out at work relate to discrimination and unemployment of gays and lesbians? Journal for Labour Market Research, 53(1), 14.
  • Fric, K. (2021). Employer tenure in gays, lesbians and their straight counterparts. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/EDI-08-2020-0232/full/html
  • Giddings, L., Nunley, J. M., Schneebaum, A., & Zietz, J. (2014). Birth cohort and the specialization gap between same-sex and different-sex couples. Demography, 51(2), 509-534. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-013-0267-4
  • Goffman, E. (2009). Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (Vol. 24). Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books/about/Stigma.html?id=zuMFXuTMAqAC&pgis=1
  • Goldsmith, A. H., Sedo, S., Darity Jr, W., & Hamilton, D. (2004). The labor supply consequences of perceptions of employer discrimination during search and on-the-job: Integrating neoclassical theory and cognitive dissonance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(1), 15-39. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487002002106
  • Habtegiorgis, A. E., & Paradies, Y. (2013). Utilising self-report data to measure racial discrimination in the labour market. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 16(1).
  • Hammarstedt, M., Ahmed, A., & Andersson, L. (2015). Sexual prejudice and labor market outcomes for gays and lesbians: Evidence from Sweden. Feminist Economics, 21(1), 90-109. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13545701.2014.937727
  • Hara, H., Aksoy, C., Carpenter, C., Frank, J., & Lustig, N. (2019). Gay glass ceilings: Sexual orientation and workplace authority in the UK. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 159, 167-180. Retrieved from https://voxeu.org/article/gay-glass-ceilings********sexual-orientation-and-workplace-authority-uk
  • Herbig, B., Dragano, N., & Angerer, P. (2013). Health in the long-term unemployed. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 110(23-24), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2013.0413
  • Herek, G. M. (1988). Heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: Correlates and gender differences. Journal of Sex Research, 25(4), 451-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498809551476
  • Herek, G. M. (2000). Sexual prejudice and gender: Do heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men differ? Journal of Social Issues, 56(2), 215-266.
  • Herek, G. M. (2002). Gender gaps and public opinion about lesbians and gay men. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(1), 40-66.
  • Jaspers, E., & Verbakel, E. (2012). The Division of Paid Labor in Same-Sex Couples in the Netherlands. Sex Roles, 63(5), 335-348. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-012-0235-2
  • Jepsen, C., & Jepsen, L. K. (2015). Labor-Market Specialization within Same-Sex and Difference-Sex Couples. A Journal of Economy and Society, 54(1), 109-130. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irel.12078/full
  • Johnson, K. L., Gill, S., Reichman, V., & Tassinary, L. G. (2007). Swagger, Sway, and Sexuality: Judging Sexual Orientation From Body Motion and Morphology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(3), 321-334. https://doi.org/Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 0022
  • Kirk, M., & Madsen, H. (1989). After the ball: How America will conquer its fear and hatred of gays in the 90's. New York: Doubleday.
  • Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(4), 336-353.
  • Klawitter, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of the effects of sexual orientation on earnings. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy And. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irel.12075/pdf
  • LaMar, L., & Kite, M. (1998). Sex differences in attitudes toward gay men and lesbians: A multidimensional perspective. Journal of Sex Research, 35(2), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499809551932
  • Laurent, T., & Mihoubi, F. (2012). Sexual Orientation and Wage Discrimination in France: The Hidden Side of the Rainbow.
  • Laurent, T., & Mihoubi, F. (2017). Sexual orientation, unemployment and participation Are gays less employable than straights? In Journal of Labor Research (No. 3126; Vol. 38). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12122-016-9237-0
  • Leppel, K. (2009). Labour force status and sexual orientation. Economica [London], 76(301), 197-207. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00676.x
  • Maas, C. J. M., & Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient Sample Sizes for Multilevel Modeling. Methodology, 1(3), 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.1.3.86
  • Martell, M. E. (2014). How ENDAs extend the workweek: legal protection and the labor supply of behaviorally gay men. Contemporary Economic Policy, 32(3), 560-577. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coep.12035
  • Milner, A., Page, A., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2013). Long-Term Unemployment and Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e51333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051333
  • Nakagawa, S., & Schielzeth, H. (2013). A general and simple method for obtaining R2 from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 4(2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x
  • Phelps, E. (1972). The statistical theory of racism and sexism. American Economic Review, 62, 659-661.
  • Plug, E., Webbink, D., & Martin, N. (2014). Sexual orientation, prejudice, and segregation. Journal of Labor Economics. Retrieved from http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/673315
  • Powdthavee, N., & Wooden, M. (2014). What Can Life Satisfaction Data Tell Us About Discrimination Against Sexual Minorities? A Structural Equation Model for Australia and the United Kingdom. Retrieved from Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, CEP Discussion Papers website: http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1267.pdf
  • Ragins, B., Singh, R., & Cornwell, J. (2007). Making the Invisible Visible: Fear and Disclosure of Sexual Orientation at Work.
  • Ragins, B., & Wiethoff, C. (2005). Understanding heterosexism at work: The straight problem. Discrimination at Work: The Psychological and Organizational Bases, 177-201.
  • Sansone, D. (2018). Pink Work: Same-Sex Marriage, Employment and Discrimination. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.06698
  • Ström, S. (2003). Unemployment and families: A review of research. Social Service Review, 77(3), 399-430. https://doi.org/10.1086/375791
  • Sylva, D., Rieger, G., Linsenmeier, J. A. W., & Bailey, J. M. (2010). Concealment of sexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(1), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9466-2
  • Tebaldi, E., & Elmslie, B. (2006). Sexual orientation and labour supply. Applied Economics, 38(5), 549-562. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036840500293789
  • von Grundherr, M., Geisler, A., Stoiber, M., & Schäfer, M. (2017). School Bullying and Moral Reasoning Competence. Social Development, 26(2), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12199
  • Wilson, G. (2005). Race and Job Dismissal African American/White Differences in Their Sources During the Early Work Career. American Behavioral Scientist. Retrieved from http://abs.sagepub.com/content/48/9/1182.short
  • Wilson, S. H., & Walker, G. M. (1993). Unemployment and health: A review. Public Health, 107(3), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(05)80436-6
  • Winkelman, L., & Winkelman, R. (1998). Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data. Economica, 65, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.2307/2555127
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171629086

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Zgłoszenie zostało wysłane

Musisz być zalogowany aby pisać komentarze.
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.