Neuromanagement as a Scientific Approach to Contemporary Human Resources Management

• Autorzy: Henryk Szymusiak

Warianty tytułu

Neurozarządzanie jako naukowe podejście do współczesnego zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article introduces in this newly appeared area by analyzing current literature in order to take the picture of current situation and to analyze the possible effects to the management sciences. Literature review has been made, from some classical economic theories and models to the new, full of perspectives spectrum of neuroscience, brain functioning and, its infinite potential, that opened new horizons, uncovered resources and tools to face the realities of the new business world. Among different techniques and methods used in neuroscience, especially hyperscanning is a recent paradigm which consists in the simultaneous recording of the cerebral activity of two or more subjects involved in interactive tasks. This method allows exploring interpersonal brain mechanisms generated by the social interactions which neuromanagement is interested in. In many scientific studies, in reference to human brain functioning efficiency, attempts were made to find an answer to the question of whether it is better to cooperate or compete. Therefore, as an example illustrating of using hyperscanning paradigm in the frame o neuromanagement research, the cooperation and competition as crucial social interactions which alter the brain mechanisms of the interacting subjects, is described. (original abstract)

Artykuł wprowadza w ten nowo powstały obszar analizując aktualną literaturę w celu zobrazowania aktualnej sytuacji i analizy możliwych skutków dla nauk o zarządzaniu. Dokonano przeglądu literatury, od niektórych klasycznych teorii i modeli ekonomicznych po nowe, pełne perspektyw spektrum neuronauki, funkcjonowania mózgu i jego nieskończonego potencjału, które otworzyły nowe horyzonty, odkryły zasoby i narzędzia pozwalające stawić czoła realiom nowego świata biznesu. Wśród różnych technik i metod stosowanych w badaniach neuronaukowych, szczególnie hiperskanowanie jest najnowszym paradygmatem, który polega na jednoczesnym rejestrowaniu aktywności mózgowej dwóch lub więcej podmiotów zaangażowanych w zadania interaktywne. Metoda ta pozwala na badanie międzyludzkich mechanizmów mózgowych generowanych przez interakcje społeczne, którymi interesuje się neurozarządzanie. W wielu badaniach neuronaukowych odnoszących się do sprawności funkcjonowania mózgu człowieka podejmowano próby znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy lepiej współpracować, czy konkurować. Dlatego też, jako przykład ilustrujący zastosowanie paradygmatu hiperskanowania w ramach badań nad neuorozarządzaniem, opisano współpracę i rywalizację jako kluczowe interakcje społeczne, które zmieniają mechanizmy mózgowe oddziałujących podmiotów. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Cognitive neuroscience; Economics; Leadership; Management

PL

Neuronauka poznawcza; Ekonomia; Przywództwo; Zarządzanie

• Czasopismo: Towaroznawcze Problemy Jakości
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 11--35

Twórcy

autor

Henryk Szymusiak

• Poznan University of Economics and Business

Bibliografia

• [1] Kłos M. (2018) Neuro(management) through the prism of brain research. Modern Management Review, 25 (4), 81-93.
• [2] Balconi M., Venturella I. (2017), Neuromanagement: What about emotions and communication?. Neuropsychological Trends, 21, 9-21.
• [3] Tkaczyk B.J. (2010) Richard Bagozzi: Neuroscience and Management. Interview with Professor Richard Bagozzi, http://manager.inwestycje.pl/nauka_manager/Richard- Bagozzi-neuronauki-i-zarzadzanie; 110949;0.html.
• [4] Balconi M., Pozzoli U. (2008) Event-related oscillations (ERO) and event related potentials (ERP) in emotional face recognition. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118 (10), 1412-1424.
• [5] Balconi M., Vanutelli M.E. (2016) Interbrains cooperation: Hyperscanning and selfperception in joint actions. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 39 (6), 607-620.
• [6] Vanutelli M.E., Crivelli D., Balconi M. (2015) Two-in-one: inter-brain hyperconnectivity during cooperation by simultaneous EEG-fNIRS recording. Neuropsychological Trends, 18, 156-156.
• [7] Tversky A., Kahneman D. (1974) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185 (4157), 1124-1131.
• [8] Satpathy J. (2012) Issues in neuro-management decision making opinion. International Journal of Business Management, 2 (2), 23-36.
• [9] Parincu A.M., Capatina A., Varon D.J., Bennet P.F., Recuerda A.M. (2020) Neuromanagement: the scientific approach to contemporary management. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Business Excellence, 1046-1056. doi: 10.2478/picbe- 2020-0099.
• [10] Glimcher P.W., Camerer C.F., Russell E.F., Poldrack A. (2008) Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain. Academic Press, London.
• [11] Zak P.J. (2004) Neuroeconomics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 359, 1737-1748.
• [12] Camerer C.F., Loewenstein G., Prelec D. (2004) Neuroeconomics: Why economics needs brains. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 106 (3), 555-579.
• [13] Camerer C.F., Loewenstein G., Prelec D. (2005) Neuroeconomics: How neuroscience can inform economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 43 (1), 9-64.
• [14] Bruce K. Dennison H.S., Mayo S. (2006) Human relations historiography. Management and Organizational History, 1 (2), 177-199.
• [15] Schein E.H. (1980) Organizational psychology. Prentice-Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs.
• [16] Kahneman D., Tversky A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47 (2), 263-291.
• [17] Ghadiri A., Habermacher A., Peters T. (2013) Neuroleadership: A journey through the brain for business leaders. Springer Science & Business Media.
• [18] MacLean P.D. (1990) The triune brain in evolution: Role in paleocerebral functions. Springer, New York.
• [19] Goleman D. (1995) Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam Books.
• [20] Davidson R.J., Jackson D.C., Kalin, N.H. (2000). Emotion, plasticity, context, and regulation: Perspectives from affective neuroscience. Psychological Bulletin, 126 (6), 890-909.
• [21] Shaw C.A., McEachern J.C. (2001) Toward a theory of neuroplasticity. Psychology Press, Philadelphia.
• [22] Nakatani Y., Matsumoto Y., Mori Y., Hirashima D., Nishino H., Arikawa K., Mizunami M. (2009) Why the carrot is more effective than the stick: different dynamics of punishment memory and reward memory and its possible biological basis. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 92 (3), 370-380.
• [23] Arias-Carrio O., Stamelou M., Murillo-Rodrıguez E., Menendez-Gonzalez M., Poppel E. (2010) Dopaminergic reward system: A short integrative review. International archives of medicine, 3 (1), 24. http://www.intarchmed.com/content/3/1/24
• [24] Kringelbach M.L., Berridge K.C. (2009) Towards a functional neuroanatomy of pleasure and happiness. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13 (11), 479-487.
• [25] Ramachandran V. (2009) Versus ramachandran: The neurons that shaped civilization. TEDcomRetrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/vs_ramachandran_the_neurons_ that_shaped_civilization.html
• [26] Rizzolatti G., Craighero L. (2004) The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 169-192.
• [27] Dumas G ., N adel J ., S oussignan R ., M artinerie J ., G arnero L . ( 2010) I nter-brain synchonization during social interaction. Plos One, 5 (8), e12166.
• [28] Epstein S., Weiner I.B. (2003) Cognitive-experiential self-theory of personality. In: Lerner M.J. (Ed.). Comprehensive handbook of psychology, pp. 159-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0507
• [29] Grawe K. (2006) Neuropsychotherapy: How the neurosciences inform effective psychotherapy. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah.
• [30] Gyurak A., Hooker C.I., Miyakawa A., Verosky S., Luerssen A., Ayduk O.N. (2011) Individual differences in neural responses to social rejection: the joint effect of selfesteem and attentional control. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 19 (3), 279-280.
• [31] Drucker P.F. (1988) The coming of the new organization. Harvard Business Review, 66, 45-53.
• [32] Ma Q., Wang X. (2006) Cognitive neuroscience, Neuroeconomics, and Neuromanagement. Management World, 10, 139-149.
• [33] Breiter H.C., Aharon I., Kahneman D., Dale A., Shizgal P. (2001) Functional imaging of neural responses to expectancy and experience of monetary gains and losses. Neuron, 30 (2), 619-639.
• [34] Glimcher P.W. (2003) Decisions, uncertainty, and the brain. The Science of Neuroeconomics. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• [35] Gul F., Pesendorfer W. (2005) The Case for mindless economics. Levine's Working Paper Archive. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195328318.003.0001
• [36] Glimcher P.W., Kable J.W., Louie K. (2007) Neuroeconomic studies of impulsivity: Now or just as soon as possible?. American Economic Review, 97 (2), 142-147.
• [37] Glimcher P.W., Camerer C.F., Fehr E., Poldrack R.A. (2009) Neuroeconomics: Decision-making and the brain. Academic Press
• [38] Lafferty C.L., Alford K.L. (2010) NeuroLeadership: sustaining research relevance into the 21st century. SAM advanced management journal, 75 (3), 32-40.
• [39] Rock D. (2006) Quiet leadership: Six steps to transforming performance at work. Collins, New York.
• [40] Wilber K. (1997. The eye of spirit: An integral vision for a world gone slightly made. Shambhala Publications, Boston.
• [41] Rock D., Schwartz J. (2006) The neuroscience of leadership. Strategy and Business, 43, 71-79.
• [42] Nienaber H., Martins N. (2016) Employee engagement in a South African context. KR Publishing, Randburg.
• [43] Kahn W.A. (1990) Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692-724.
• [44] Zwaan L.A., Viljoen R., Aiken D. (2019) The role of neuroleadership in work engagement. SA Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.4102/ sajhrm.v17i0.1172
• [45] Rock D., Tang Y. (2009) Neuroscience of engagement. NeuroLeadership Journal, 2, 15-22.
• [46] Brown E.C., Brüne M. (2012) The role of prediction in social neuroscience. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 147. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012. 00147
• [47] Ringleb A.H., Rock D., Ancona C. (2012) NeuroLeadership in 2011 and 2012. Neuro- Leadership Journal, 4, 5-39.
• [48] Ghadiri A., Habermacher A., Peters T. (2012) Neuroleadership: A journey through the brain for business leaders (Management for Professionals). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• [49] Rock D., Cox C. (2012) SCARF in 2012: Updating the social neuroscience of collaborating with others. NeuroLeadership Journal, 4 (4), 1-16.
• [50] Schaufenbuel K. (2014) The neuroscience of leadership: Practical applications. NC: UNC Executive Development, ChapelHill.
• [51] Ringleb A.H., Rock D., Ancona C. (2014) NeuroLeadership in 2014. NeuroLeadership Journal, 5, 5-39.
• [52] Kiefer M., Pulvermüller F. (2012) Conceptual representations in mind and brain: Theoretical developments, current evidence and future directions. Cortex, 48 (7), 805-825.
• [53] Ringleb A., Rock D. (2008) The emerging field of neuroleadership. NeuroLeadership Journal, 1, 3-19.
• [54] Lieberman M.D., Eisenberger N.I. (2009) Pains and pleasures of social life. Science, 323 (5916), 890-891.
• [55] Duhigg C. (2012) The power of habit: Why we do what we do in life and business. Random House, New York.
• [56] Lawler E. (2012) Effective human resource management: A global analysis. CA: Stanford University Press, Stanford.
• [57] Abbott P. (2013) The human resource function contribution to human development in South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 11 (1), 1-14.
• [58] Ulrich D., Y ounger J ., B rockbank W ., U lrich M .D. ( 2013) The s tate o f t he HR profession. Human Resource Management, 52 (3), 457-471.
• [59] Bussin M., Christos D., Bergh V. (2017) What would organizational design look like in uber times?. HR Future, 36-38.
• [60] Rock D. (2008) SCARF: a brain-based model for collaborating with and influencing others. NeuroLeadership Journal, 1 (1), 1-9.
• [61] Gazzaniga M.S. (2005) Forty-five years of split-brain research and still going strong. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6 (8), 653-659.
• [62] Huther G. (2009) Wie gehirngerechte Fuhrung funktioniert: Neurobiologie fur Manager. Manager Seminare, 130, 30-34.
• [63] Elger C.E. (2009) Neuroleadership. Haufe, Planegg /Munchen.
• [64] Pillay, S.S. (2010) Life unlocked. Rodale Books, New York.
• [65] Pillay, S.S. (2011). Your brain and business. FT Press, New Jersey.
• [66] Rock D. (2009) "Your Brain at Work": the effective instructions for use". Harper Business.
• [67] Rock D. (2010) Impacting leadership with neuroscience. People and strategy. Suppl. Special Issue: Leading in a Time of Uncertainty, 33 (4), 6-7.
• [68] Karim A., Faridi M., Rafiq S. (2019) Neuromanagement; key to maintaining performance literature review. The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 3 (1), 130-138.
• [69] Venturella J., Gatti L., Vanutelli M.A., Balconi M. (2017) When brains dialogue by synchronized or unsynchronized languages. Hyperscanning applications to neuromanagement. Neuropsychological Trends, 21, 35-51.
• [70] Finkelstein S., Hambrick D.C. (1996) Review: Strategic leadership: Top executives and their effects on organizations. Australian Journal of Management, 4 (1), 148-156.
• [71] Balconi M., Venturella I. (2015) Communication, emotions and neuromanagement]. In: Salati M.E., Leoni A. (Eds.), Neuroscienze e Management. Nuovi strumenti per la professione manageriale, pp. 235-249. Guerini Next, Milano.
• [72] Goleman D., Boyatzis R.E., McKee A. (2002) Primal leadership: Realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
• [73] Mayer J.D., Salovey P., Caruso D.R. (2008) Emotional intelligence: new ability or eclectic traits? American Psychologist, 63 (6), 503-517.
• [74] Humphrey R.H., Kellett J.B., Sleeth R.G., Hartman N.S. (2008) Research trends in emotions and leadership. In: Ashkanasy N.M., Cooper C.L. (Eds..). Research companion to emotion in organizations, pp. 455-464. Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton.
• [75] De Hoogh A.H.B., Den Hartog D.N. (2008) Ethical and despotic leadership, relationships with leader's social responsibility, top management team effectiveness and subordinates' optimism: A multi-method study. Leadership Quarterly, 19 (3), 297-311.
• [76] Hagan C.C., Hoeft F., Mackey A., Mobbs D., Reiss A.L. (2008) Aberrant neural function during emotion attribution in female subjects with fragile X syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 1443-1454.
• [77] Gallagher H.L., Frith C.D. (2003) Functional imaging of 'theory of mind'. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 77-83.
• [78] Greene J.D., Sommerville R.B., Nystrom L.E., Darley J.M., Cohen J.D. (2001) An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293, 2105-2108.
• [79] King-Casas B., Tomlin D., Anen C., Camerer C.F., Quartz S.R., Montague P.R. (2005) Getting to know you: reputation and trust in a two-person economic exchange. Science, 308, 78-83.
• [80] Tomlin D., Kayali M.A., King-Casas B., Anen C., Camerer C.F., Quartz S.R., Montague P.R. (2006) Agent-specific responses in the cingulate cortex during economic exchanges. Science, 312, 1047-1050.
• [81] Chiu P.H., Kayali M.A., Kishida K.T., Tomlin D., Klinger L.G., Klinger M.R., Montague P.R. (2008) Self responses along cingulate cortex reveal quantitative neural phenotype for high-functioning autism. Neuron, 57, 463-473.
• [82] Javor A., Koller M., Lee N., Chamberlain L., Ransmayr G. (2013) Neuromarketing and consumer neuroscience: contribution to neurology. BMC Neurology, 13 (1), 13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-13.
• [83] Harmon-Jones E., Peterson C.K., Harris C.R. (2009) Jealousy: novel methods and neural correlates. Emotion, 9 (1), 113-117.
• [84] Groeppel-Klein A. (2005) Arousal and consumer in-store behavior. Brain Research Bulletin, 67 (5), 428-437.
• [85] Montague P.R., Berns G.S., Cohen J.D., McClure S.M., Pagnoni G., Dhamala M., Wiest M.C., Karpov I., King R.D., Apple N. (2002) Hyperscanning: simultaneous fMRI during linked social interactions. Neuroimage, 16, 1159-1164.
• [86] Chiu P.H., Kayali M.A., Kishida K.T., Tomlin D., Klinger L.G., Klinger M.R., Montague P.R. (2008) Self responses along cingulate cortex reveal quantitative neural phenotype for high-functioning autism. Neuron, 57, 463-473.
• [87] Li J., Xiao E., Houser D., Montague P.R. (2009) Neural responses to sanction threats in two-party economic exchange. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 16835-16840.
• [88] Babiloni F., Cincotti F., Mattia D., Mattiocco M., De Vico Fallani F., Tocci A., Bianchi L., Marciani M.G., Astolfi L. (2006) Hypermethods for EEG hyperscanning. Conference proceedings - IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, 1, 3666-3669.
• [89] Astolfi L., Toppi J., De Vico Fallani F., Vecchiato G., Salinari S., Mattia D., Cincotti F., Babiloni F. (2010) Neuroelectrical hyperscanning measures simultaneous brain activity in humans. Brain Topography, 23, 243-256.
• [90] Dumas G., Nadel J., Soussignan R., Martinerie J., Garnero L. (2010) Inter-brain synchronization during social interaction. PLoS ONE, 5.
• [91] Lindenberger U., Li S.C., Gruber W., Müller V. (2009) Brains swinging in concert: cortical phase synchronization while playing guitar. BMC Neuroscience, 10, 22. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-22.
• [92] Michel C.M., Murray M.M., Lantz G., Gonzalez S., Spinelli L., Grave de Peralta R. (2004) EEG source imaging. Clinical Neurophysiology. 115, 2195-2222.
• [93] Rolfe P. (2000) In vivo near-infrared spectroscopy. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 2, 715-754.
• [94] Cui X., Bray S., Bryant D.M., Glover G.H., Reiss A.L. (2011) A quantitative comparison of NIRS and fMRI across multiple cognitive tasks. Neuroimage, 54, 2808-2821.
• [95] Hoge R.D., Franceschini M.A., Covolan R.J.M., Huppert T., Mandeville J.B., Boas D.A. (2005) Simultaneous recording of task-induced changes in blood oxygenation, volume, and flow using diffuse optical imaging and arterial spin-labeling MRI. Neuroimage, 25, 701-707.
• [96] Emir U.E., Ozturk C., Akin A. (2008) Multimodal investigation of fMRI and fNIRS derived breath hold BOLD signals with an expanded balloon model. Physiological Measurement, 29, 49-63.
• [97] Schroeter M.L., Kupka T., Mildner T., Uludag K., von Cramon D.Y. (2006) Investigating the post-stimulus undershoot of the BOLD signal - a simultaneous fMRI and fNIRS study. NeuroImage, 30, 349-358.
• [98] Huppert T.J., Allen M.S., Diamond S.G., Boas D.A. (2009) Estimating cerebral oxygen metabolism from fMRI with a dynamic multicompartment Windkessel model. Human Brain Mapping, 30,1548-1567.
• [99] Power S.D., F alk T .H., C hau T . ( 2010) C lassification o f p refrontal a ctivity d ue t o mental arithmetic and music imagery using hidden Markov models and frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Neural Engineering. 7(2), 26002. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/7/2/026002.
• [100] Coyle S.M., Ward T.E., Markham C.M. (2007) Brain-computer interface using a simplified functional near infrared spectroscopy system. Journal of Neural Engineering, 4, 219-226.
• [101] Utsugi K., Obata A., Sato H., Aoki R., Maki A., Koizumi H., Sagara K., Kawamichi H., Atsumori H., Katura T. (2008) GO-STOP Control Using Optical Brain-computer Interface during Calculation Task. IEICE Transactions on Communications, E91-B, 2133-2141.
• [102] White B.R., Snyder A.Z., Cohen A.L., Petersen S.E., Raichle M.E., Schlaggar B.L., Culver J.P. (2009) Resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain revealed with diffuse optical tomography. NeuroImage, 47, 148-156.
• [103] Zhang H., Zhang Y.J., Lu C.M., Ma S.Y., Zang Y.F., Zhu C.Z. (2010 Functional connectivity as revealed by independent component analysis of resting-state fNIRS measurements. Neuroimage, 51, 1150-1161.
• [104] Honda Y., Nakato E., Otsuka Y., Kanazawa S., Kojima S., Yamaguchi M.K., Kakigi R. (2010) How do infants perceive scrambled face?: A near-infrared spectroscopic study. Brain Research, 1308, 137-146.
• [105] Lu C.M., Zhang Y.J., Biswal B.B., Zang Y.F., Peng D.L., Zhu C.Z. (2010) Use of fNIRS to assess resting state functional connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 186, 242-249.
• [106] Dresler T., Obersteiner A., Schecklmann M., Vogel A.C., Ehlis A.C., Richter M.M., Plichta M.M., Reiss K., Pekrun R., Fallgatter A.J. (2009) Arithmetic tasks in differrent formats and their influence on behavior and brain oxygenation as assessed with nearinfrared spectroscopy (NIRS): a study involving primary and secondary school children. Journal of Neural Transmission, 116, 1689. doi: 10.1007/s00702-009-0307-9
• [107] Suda M ., T akei Y ., A oyama Y ., N arita K ., S ato T., F ukuda M ., M ikuni M . ( 2010) Frontopolar activation during face-to-face conversation: An in situ study using nearinfrared spectroscopy. Neuropsychologia, 48, 441-447.
• [108] Okamoto M., Dan H., Shimizu K., Takeo K., Amita T., Oda I., Konishi I., Sakamoto K., Isobe S., Suzuki T. (2004) Multimodal assessment of cortical activation during apple peeling by NIRS and fMRI. Neuroimage, 21, 1275-1288.
• [109] Ekkekakis P. (2009) Illuminating the black box: investigating prefrontal cortical hemodynamics during exercise with near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31, 505-553.
• [110] Harada H., Nashihara H., Morozumi K., Ota H., Hatakeyama E. (2007) A comparison of cerebral activity in the prefrontal region between young adults and the elderly while driving. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26, 409-414.
• [111] Tomioka H., Yamagata B., Takahashi T., Yano M., Isomura A.J., Kobayashi H., Mimura M. (2009) Detection of hypofrontality in drivers with Alzheimer's disease by near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroscience Letters, 451, 252-256.
• [112] Cui X., Bryant D.M., Reiss A.L. (2012) NIRS-Based Hyperscanning reveals increased interpersonal coherence in Superior Frontal Cortex during cooperation. Neuroimage, 59(3), 2430-2437.
• [113] Sinha N., Maszczyk T., Wanxuan Z., Tan J., Dauwels J. (2016) EEG hyperscanning study of inter-brain synchrony during cooperative and competitive interaction. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2016, pp. 004813- 004818, Budapest, Hungary.
• [114] Astolfi L., Cincotti F., Mattia D., De Vico Fallani F., Salinari S., Vecchiato G., Toppi J., Wilke C., Doud A., Yuan H. (2010) Simultaneous estimation of cortical activity during social interactions by using EEG hyperscannings. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE. IEEE, pp. 2814-2817.
• [115] Fallani F.D.V., Nicosia V., Sinatra R., Astolfi L., Cincotti F., Mattia D., Wilke C., Doud A., Latora V., He B. (2010) Defecting or not defecting: how to read human behavior during cooperative games by EEG measurements. PloS one, 5 (12), e14187.
• [116] Balconi M., Vanutelli M.E. (2016) Competition in the brain. The contribution of EEG and fNIRS modulation and personality effects in social ranking. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1587. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01587
• [117] Vanutelli M.E., Crivelli D., Balconi M. (2015) Two-in-one: inter-brain hyperconnectivity during cooperation by simultaneous EEG-fNIRS recording. Neuropsychological Trends, 18, 156-156.
• [118] Balconi M., Crivelli D., Vanutelli M.E. (2017) Why to cooperate is better than to compete: Brain and personality components. BMC Neuroscience, 18 (1), 1-15.
• [119] Munafa M.R., Clark T., Flint J. (2005) Does measurement instrument moderate the association between the serotonin transporter gene and anxiety-related personality traits? A meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 415-419.
• [120] Balconi M., Vanutelli M.E. (2017) Brains in competition. Hyperscanning and cognitive performance in joint-actions. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 11, 163. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00163.
• [121] Goldman M., Stockbauer J.W., McAuliffe T.G. (1977) Intergroup and intragroup competition and cooperation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 113, 81-88.
• [122] Funane T., Kiguchi M., Atsumori H., Sato H., Kubota K., Koizumi H. (2011) Synchronous activity of two people's prefrontal cortices during a cooperative task measured by simultaneous near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 16 (7), 077011. doi: 10.1117/1.3602853.
• [123] Chung D., Yun K., Jeong J. (2015) Decoding covert motivations of free riding and cooperation from multi-feature pattern analysis of EEG signals. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10, 1210-1218.
• [124] Liu T ., S aito H ., O i M . ( 1215) R ole o f t he r ight i nferior f rontal gyrus i n t urn-based cooperation and competition: a near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain and Cognition, 99, 17-23.
• [125] Decety J., Sommerville J.A. (2003) Shared representations between self and other: a social cognitive neuroscience view. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 527-533.
• [126] Decety J., Jackson P.L., Sommerville J.A., Chaminade T., Meltzoff A.N. (2004) The neural bases of cooperation and competition: an fMRI investigation. Neuroimage, 23, 744-751.
• [127] Gallagher H.L., Frith C.D. (2003) Functional imaging of "theory of mind". Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 77-83.
• [128] Nigg J.T. (2001) Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 571- 598.
• [129] Knoblich G., Jordan J.S. (2003) Action coordination in groups and individuals: learning anticipatory control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 1006-1016.
• [130] Levitan R., Hasey G., Sloman L. (2000) Major depression and the involuntary defeat strategy: biological correlates. In: Gilbert P., Sloman L. (Eds.), Subordination and defeat: an evolutionary approach to mood disorders and their therapy. pp. 95-120. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Manhaw.
• [131] Balconi M., Pagani S. (2015) Social hierarchies and emotions: cortical prefrontal activity, facial feedback (EMG), and cognitive performance in a dynamic interaction. Social Neuroscience, 10, 166-178.
• [132] Marsh A.A., Blair K.S., Jones M.M., Soliman N., Blair R.J.R. (2009) Dominance and submission: the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and responses to status cues. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 713-724.
• [133] Gray J.A. (1994) Framework for a taxonomy of psychiatric disorder. In: Van Goozen S.H.M., Van de Poll N.E., Sergeant J.A. (Eds.), Emotions: essays on emotion theory. pp. 29-59. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Manhaw.
• [134] Demaree H.A. (2005) Brain lateralization of emotional processing: historical roots and a future incorporating "dominance". Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 4, 3-20.
• [135] Balconi M., Falbo L., Conte V.A. (2012) BIS and BAS correlates with psychophysiological and cortical response systems during aversive and appetitive emotional stimuli processing. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 218-231.
• [136] Seibert L.A., Miller J.D., Pryor L.R., Reidy D.E., Zeichner A. (2010) Personality and laboratory-based aggression: comparing the predictive power of the five-factor model, BIS/BAS, and impulsivity across context. Journal of Research in Personality. 44, 13-21.
• [137] Balconi M., Mazza G. (2010) Lateralisation effect in comprehension of emotional facial expression: a comparison between EEG alpha band power and behavioural inhibition (BIS) and activation (BAS) systems. Laterality, 15, 361-384.
• [138] Balconi M., Falbo L., Conte V.A. (2012) BIS and BAS correlates with psychophysiological and cortical response systems during aversive and appetitive emotional stimuli processing. Motivation and Emotion, 36, 218-231.
• [139] Sutton S.K., Davidson R.J. (1977) Prefrontal brain asymmetry: a biological substrate of the behavioral approach and inhibition systems. Psychological Science, 8, 204-210.
• [140] Davidson R.J. (2004) What does the prefrontal cortex "do" in affect: perspectives on frontal EEG asymmetry research. Biological Psychology, 67, 219-234.
• [141] Krause L., Enticott P.G., Zangen A., Fitzgerald P.B. (2012) The role of medial prefrontal cortex in theory of mind: a deep rTMS study. Experimental Brain Research, 228, 87-90.
• [142] Bekkedal M.Y.V., Rossi J., Panksepp J. (2011) Human brain EEG indices of emotions: delineating responses to affective vocalizations by measuring frontal theta event-related synchronization. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 35, 1959-1970.
• [143] Karakas S., Erzengin O.U., Basar E. (2000) The genesis of human event-related responses explained through the theory of oscillatory neural assemblies. Neuroscience Letters. 285, 45-48.
• [144] Fernández T., Harmony T., Silva J., Galín L., Díaz-Comas L., Bosch J. (1998) Relationship of specific EEG frequencies at specific brain areas with performance. Neuro- Report. 9, 3680-3687.
• [145] Babiloni F., Cincotti F., Mattia D., De Vico Fallani F., Tocci A., Bianchi L. (2007) High resolution EEG hyperscanning during a card game. In: 29th Annual international conference on engineering, medicine and biology society, EMBS 2007, pp. 4957-4960. doi: 10.1109/IEMBS.2007.4353453.
• [146] Elwell C.E., Owen-Reece H., Cope M., Wyatt J.S., Edwards A.D., Delpy D.T. (1993) Measurement of adult cerebral haemodynamics using near infrared spectroscopy. Acta Neurochirurgica Suppl (Wien), 59, 74-80.
• [147] Biallas M., Trajkovic I., Haensse D., Marcar V., Wolf M. (2012) Reproducibility and sensitivity of detecting brain activity by simultaneous electroencephalography and nearinfrared spectroscopy. Experimental Brain Research, 222, 255-264.
• [148] Chiao J.Y., Adams R.B.J., Tse P.U., Lowenthal L., Richeson J.A., Ambady N. (2009) Knowing who's boss: fMRI and ERP investigations of social dominance perception. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 11, 201-214.