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2021 | 26 | nr 4 | 25--35
Tytuł artykułu

Price Discrimination in a form of Discounts: Categorization and Impact on Competition

Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper is aimed to clarify the definition and categorization of discounts as well as pro- and anticompetitive effects of discounts. The author applied qualitative methods to the research. The modern literature review unfolds the gap of proper discounts definition, which is proposed to be covered by five-dimensions approach to discounts categorization. Based on such aspects of discount scheme as time, product, threshold, distribution level and customer, the approach provides comprehensive and uniform characteristics of discount. It allows assessing effects of competition, which are classified in two groups. Pro-competitive effects include stimulation of demand, decreasing cost due to economy of scale, solving coordination problems within a supply chain. Anti-competitive effects encompass predation scheme, raising rival's cost, exclusive dealing, leverage and exclusionary bundling. The importance of correct assessment of the discounts by antitrust authorities is high as an overenforcement in this sphere may lead to adverse effect on total welfare. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Tom
26
Numer
Strony
25--35
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
  • Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Bibliografia
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  • Autorité de la concurrence (2018). Loyalty rebates. Collection Les Essentiels, La Documentation française.
  • Bishop, S., Walker, M. (2002). The Economics of EC Competition Law: Concepts, Applications and Measurement. London: Sweet & Maxwell.
  • Calzolari, G., Denicolo, V. (2009). Competition with Exclusive Contracts and Market-Share Discounts. Access on the internet:https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.103. 6.2384
  • Corstjens, J., Corstjens, M. (2005). Store Wars: Battle for Mindspace and Shelfspace (Russian translation, Popurry LLC).
  • European Commission (2005). DG Competition discussion paper on the application of Article 82 of the Treaty to exclusionary abuses.
  • -- (2009). Guidance on the Commission's enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings.
  • -- (2008). Roundtable on Bundled and Loyalty Discounts and Rebates, submission to OECD. Access on the internet: http://ec.europa.eu/competition/international/multilateral/2008_ june_rebates.pdf
  • Faella, G. (2008). The Antitrust Assessment of Loyalty Discounts and Rebates. "Journal of Competition Law & Economics".
  • Federico, G. (2011). The Antitrust Treatment of Loyalty Discounts in Europe: Towards a More Economic Approach. Access on the internet: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=2883846
  • Financial Conduct Authority (2016). Price Discrimination and Cross-subsidy in Financial services. Access on the internet:https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/occasional-papers/ op16-22.pdf
  • Fletcher, A., Williams, M., Walker, M. (2016). Predation and excessive pricing. Price discrimination, discounts, tying and bundling, Unit 4, Postgraduate Diploma in Economics for Competition Law, King's College London.
  • Fumagalli, C., Motta, M. (2016). On the Use of Price-Cost Tests in Loyalty Discounts and Exclusive Dealing Arrangements: Which Implications from Economic Theory? Access on the internet:https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2851419
  • Gavil, A., Kovacic, W., Baker, J., Wright, J. (2017). Antitrust law in perspective, 3rd edn, West Academic Publishing.
  • Geradin, D., Elhauge, E. (2011). Global Competition Law and Economics, 2nd edn, Hart Publishing.
  • Geradin, D. (2008). Separating pro-competitive from anti-competitive loyalty rebates: A conceptual framework, Paper prepared for the Asia International Competition Conference. Access on the internet: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1259830
  • Greenlee, P., Reitman, D., Sibley, D. (2006), An Antitrust Analysis of Bundled Loyalty Discounts. Access on the internet: http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/phdcourse/ greenlee_reitman_sibley_Bundling_Royalty_Discounts.pdf
  • Ignatiuk A. I., Ekonomika haluzevykh rynkiv: navchalnyi posibnyk / A. I. Ignatiuk. - Kyiv: Ukrainian Orthodox Church "Kyiv University", 2015.
  • Jeon, D., Menicucci, D. (2009). Bundling and Competition for Slots. Access on the internet: http://idei.fr/sites/default/files/medias/doc/wp/2011/wpfinal_jeon_juil11.pdf?
  • Kobayashi, B. H., (2005). The Economics of Loyalty Discounts and Antitrust Law in the United States, George Mason University, law and economics working paper series. Access on the internet: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=794944
  • Majumdar, A., Shaffer, G., (2007). Market-Share Contracts with Asymmetric Information. Access on the internet: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1014008
  • Marvel, H., Yang, H. (2007). Group purchasing, nonlinear tariffs, and oligopoly. Access on the internet: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167718707001233?
  • Mills, D.E. (2009). Inducing Downstream Selling Effort with Market Share Discounts. Access on the internet: http://economics.virginia.edu/sites/economics.virginia.edu/files/Inducing %20Downstream%20Selling%20Effort%20with%20Market%20Share%20Discounts.pdf
  • Motta, M. (2004). Competition Policy: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
  • Niels, G., Jenkins, H., Kavanagh, J. (2016). Economics for Competition Lawyers. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press.
  • Salop, S. (2017). The Raising Rivals' Cost Foreclosure Paradigm. Conditional Pricing Practices, and the Flawed Incremental Price-Cost Test. "Antitrust Law Journal".
  • OECD (2016). Price Discrimination. Background note by the Secretariat. Access on the internet: https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP(2016)15/en/pdf
  • Office of Fair Trading (2005). Selective Price Cuts and Fidelity Rebates: A Report Prepared for the OFT by RBB Economics.
  • Wright, J. (2013). Simple but Wrong or Complex but More Accurate? The Case for an Exclusive Dealing-Based Approach to Evaluating Loyalty Discounts. Speech delivered at the Bates White 10th Annual Antitrust Conference, Washington, DC, on 3 June 2013.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171635630

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