Fake News as a Barrier in the Process of Communicating Information

• Autorzy: Tomasz Parys

Warianty tytułu

Fake news jako bariera w procesie przekazywania informacji

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to present fake news as a barrier to communication, awareness of its existence and perception from the point of view of individual users. On the basis of a literature review concerning the phenomenon of fake news, the aspects connected with the functioning of this type of news in the information space were indicated. The results of the research on the influence of fake news on the process of information transfer and the opinions of users - information recipients - are presented. The results are discussed and summarized in the form of synthetic conclusions. The directions of future research related to this topic are also outlined. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the author's previous experience related to surveying selected student groups, in order to achieve the adopted research goal, the survey questionnaires were distributed using the CAWI (Computer Associated Web Interview) method. The adopted approach consisted of the following stages: justification of the method of selecting the sample for pilot and main research and informing respondents about the possibility of completing the survey; constructing a prototype of a survey concerning the place and role of fake news in the communication process; substantive verification of survey questions on a randomly selected pilot sample of students; preparing the final form of a quantitative and qualitative survey, testing it and placing it on the servers of the Faculty of Management at the University of Warsaw; conducting surveys among randomly selected student groups as well as the analysis and discussion of the results; drawing conclusions from the obtained results. The method of selecting the test sample was random selection - the first 20 people were selected from those responding to the request for verification of the research survey. After revisions of the test sample, specific class groups were randomly selected from among all student groups to administer the survey in its targeted form. The sample selection itself was one of purposive sampling, determined in part by the random selection of pilot and lab groups. The survey was a pilot study and will be repeated to confirm the results obtained and to refine the conclusions. Findings: On the basis of the survey, the phenomenon of fake news is presented as assessed by the recipients of information in the context of the barrier it poses in the process of its transmission. The results are presented in the following scopes: fake news features; the impact of fake news; the perception of received messages as potentially fake news; recipients' reaction to fake news; publishing or posting fake news. Each of the above areas is discussed in the body of the paper. The study is summed up by formulating conclusions and outlining directions for further research in this area.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Fake news; Data flow; Post-truth

PL

Fałszywe wiadomości; Przepływ informacji; Postprawda

• Czasopismo: Problemy Zarządzania
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: 19
• Numer: nr 3 (93) Pandemic-related Changes and Challenges
• Strony: 168--186

Twórcy

autor

Tomasz Parys

• University of Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 31(2), 211-236.
• Bąkowicz, K. (2019). Wprowadzenie do definicji i klasyfikacji zjawiska fake newsa. Studia Medioznawcze, 20(3(78)), 280-289.
• Bąkowicz, K. (2020). Fake news. Produkt medialny czasów postprawdy. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Aspra.
• Balcewicz, J. (2021). Dezinformacja w świecie nowych mediów. Retrieved on 2 February 2021 from https://cyberpolicy.nask.pl/fake-news-dezinformacja-w-swiecie-nowychmediow/.
• Benchmark.pl. (2021). Retrieved on 10 June 2021 from http://www.benchmark.pl/ aktualnosci/ilu-seniorow-korzysta-z-internetu.html.
• Chmielarz, W., & Parys, T. (2021). The place and role of information technologies in the organization in the opinion of future users. In L. Gómez Chova, A. López-Martínez, & I. Candel Torres (Eds.), Proceedings INTED2021 (pp. 3609-3617). IATED Academy.
• Chyliński, M. (2018). Fałszywe wiadomości - antydobra w ekosystemie informacji. Com. press, 4(1), 6-23.
• Gillin, J. (2017). Fact-checking fake news reveals how hard it is to kill pervasive "nasty weed". Retrieved on 7 February 2021 from http://www.politifact.com/punditfact/article/2017/ jan/27/fact-checking-fake-news-reveals-how-hard-it-kill-p.
• Kawka, M. (2019). Język postprawdy - jak fikcja stała się rzeczywistością, Rocznik Medioznawczy, 1, 9-20.
• Niklewicz, K. (2017). Weeding out fake news: An approach to social media regulation. Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies.
• Noizer.pl. (2021). Retrieved on 8 February 2021 from noizer.pl/co-to-jest-fake-newsprzyklady- odpowiedzialnosc.
• Nowymarketing.pl. (2021). Retrieved on 8 February 2021 from https://nowymarketing. pl/a/16876,fake-news-w-polskim-internecie.
• Ogrodowczyk, A., Borkowska, M., Murawska-Najmiec E., & Twardowska K. (2020). Fake news - dezinformacja online. Retrieved on 8 February 2021 from http://www.archiwum. krrit.gov.pl/Data/Files/_public/Portals/0/obserwator/fake-news_obserwator-krrit-1.pdf.
• Parys T. (2017). Komunikacja jako bariera w procesie wdrożeniowym zintegrowanych systemów informatycznych. In R. Knosala (Ed.), Innowacje w zarządzaniu i inżynierii produkcji (Vol. II, pp. 753-761). Opole: Oficyna Wydawnicza Towarzystwa Zarządzania Produkcją.
• Signs.pl (2021). Retrieved on 10 February 2021 from http://www.signs.pl/fake-news-wpolskim- internecie,34920,artykul.html.
• Sjp.pl (2021). Retrieved on 10 February 2021 from www.sjp.pwn.pl.
• Szulc, M. (2020). Manipulowanie informacją w sieci za pomocą fake newsów jako zagrożenie dla młodzieży. Psychologia Wychowawcza, (17), 140-158.
• Tandoc, E. C., Jr., Lim, Z. W., & Ling, R. (2018). Defining "fake news". A typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 137-153.
• Tomaszewska-Michalak, M. (2021). Fake news - wstępna analiza zjawiska. Przegląd Politologiczny, (1), 59-72.
• Waszak, M. (2017). Postprawda i fake news czy weryfikacja treści i źródeł informacji?. Refleksje, 16, 173-188.
• Westerlund, M. (2019). The emergence of deepfake technology: A review. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(11), 39-52.
• ---

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.7172/1644-9584.93.9