EU Enlargement, Poland and the Environment

• Autorzy: Søren Riishøj
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The collapse of State socialism in Eastern Europe raised high expectations about a possible quick integration with the West. The notion of the "return to Europe" has influenced and shaped public debates in the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) as much or even more than the slogan "We are the people" back in 1989 [Mangott, 1995, p. 99], "The enlargement of the European Union to include the countries of Central and Eastern Europe can be considered as the final step in the reintegration of the European continent after almost half a century of forced division [Mayhew, 1998, xiii]. This process did not begin in the "revolutions" of 1989 but in ordinary people fighting Soviet domination, e.g. the Hungarian revolution of 1956, the Czechoslovak Spring of 1968 and the long series of Polish revolts from the Poznan uprising in 1956, the "self-limiting" revolution of Solidarity and the landslide election victory at the 1989 (semi-) free elections. Eastern enlargement has been the most challenging enlargement in the entire history of European integration, as the countries involved are undergoing complex triple transitions. The promise of systemic change was increased welfare and higher living standards for all, but distributional outcomes have rarely been equal. There have been both winners and - unfortunately - many losers. So the European integration process has been a complex, multi-dimensional and multi-level process. (fragment of text)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

History of European integration; EU enlargement; EU budget; Structural funds; EU funds; Natural environment; Expenditures for environmental protection; Pollution; Environment protection strategy

PL

Historia integracji europejskiej; Rozszerzenie UE; Budżet UE; Fundusze strukturalne; Fundusze unijne; Środowisko przyrodnicze; Nakłady na ochronę środowiska; Skażenie środowiska naturalnego; Strategia ochrony środowiska

• Czasopismo: Economic and Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2002
• Numer: Vol. 2
• Strony: 29--45

Twórcy

autor

Søren Riishøj

• University of South Denmark, Denmark

Bibliografia

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