International Differences in Patriotic Entrepreneurship - the Case of Poland and Ukraine

• Autorzy: Łukasz Sułkowski , Grzegorz Ignatowski , Bartłomiej Stopczyński , Joanna Sułkowska
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Objective: The aim of the paper is to examine whether the impact of patriotic entrepreneurship may differ from the perspective of buyers depending on the country in question and how it affects entrepreneurial behaviour. Methods: The method are semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs and management and economics students from two countries who were introduced to the main elements that make up the concept of patriotic entrepreneurship and an online survey conducted among students coming from the two countries using questionnaire data will be mentioned. Results: Both quantitative and qualitative research indicated that most respondents understand and are willing to be guided by principles that take it into account. At the same time, the differences in the behaviour of entrepreneurs and buyers in Poland and Ukraine show that the very concept of this entrepreneurship, not supported by a strong economy and an attractive offer of domestic enterprises, will remain only a theoretical concept, not implemented in practice. Conclusions: Patriotic entrepreneurship can be one of the important motivations for consumer, managerial and employee actions. The research should be continued in the future. Other countries should be selected to see if there is a correlation that the intensity of patriotic entrepreneurship increases as the economic level rises. It would also be useful to investigate whether the attachment to local brands increases as the competitiveness of their offer improves. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Patriotism; Ethnocentrism

PL

Patriotyzm; Etnocentryzm

• Czasopismo: Economics & Sociology
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: 15
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 297--319

Twórcy

autor

Łukasz Sułkowski

• Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland

autor

Grzegorz Ignatowski

• University of Social Sciences, Lodz, Poland

autor

Bartłomiej Stopczyński

• University of Social Sciences, Lodz, Poland

autor

Joanna Sułkowska

• University of Social Sciences, Lodz, Poland

Bibliografia

• Akimov, O. O., Karpa, M. I., Parkhomenko-Kutsevil, O., Kupriichuk, V., & Omarov, A. (2021). Entrepreneurship education of the formation of the e-commerce managers professional qualities. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 25(7), 1-8.
• Alesina, A. & La Ferrara, E. (2005), Ethnic diversity and economic performance. Journal of Economic Literature, 43(3), 762-800.
• Andrews, S., Leblang, D. & Pandya, S. (2018). Ethnocentrism reduces foreign direct investment. The Journal of Politics. Retrieved August 20, 2021 from https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/694916
• Arasli, H., Bavic, A. & Erdoğan, H. E. (2006). The effects of nepotism on human resource management: The case of three, four and five star hotels in northern Cyprus. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 26, 295-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443330610680399
• Arasli, H. & Tumer, M. (2008), Nepotism, favoritism and cronyism: A study of their effects on job stress and job satisfaction in the banking industry of north Cyprus. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 36(9), 1237-1250. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.9.1237
• Anggusti M., (2019). The Powers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) To Raise The Small Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. In International Conference on Rural Development and Enterpreneurship 2019: Enhancing Small Busniness and Rural Development Toward Industrial Revolution 4.0, 5(1).
• Audi R. (2009), Nationalism, Patriotism, and Cosmopolitanism in an Age of Globalization, The Journal of Ethics, 13(4), 365-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-009-9068-9
• Awdziej M., Wlodarek D. & Tkaczyk J. (2016), Are elderly consumer more ethnocentric? Attitudes towards Polish and 'foreign' food products. Journal of Economics and Management, 23(1), 91-107.
• Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R. D. & Melewar, T. C. (2001). The impact of nationalism, patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), 157-175.
• Barnhart R. K. (ed.). (1995). Dictionary of etymology. the orgins and development of over 25.000 English words. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
• Brubaker R. (2004). In the name of the nation: reflections on nationalism and patriotism. Citizenship Studies, 8(2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/1362102042000214705
• Bryla, P. (2017), Consumer ethnocentrism on the organic food market in Poland. Marketing i Zarządzanie, 48, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.18276/miz.2017.48-01
• Cheah, I. & Phau, I. (2015), Conceptualising consumer economic nationalistic tendencies: scale development and validation. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 25(3), 313-331.
• Clift, B. & Woll, C. (2012), The Revival of Economic Patriotism. Morgan G. and Whitley R. (Eds) Capitalisms and Capitalism in the Twenty-First Century, Oxford: Oxford Scholarship, pp. 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199694761.001.0001
• Clift, B. & Woll, C. (2012a), Economic patriotism: reinventing control over open markets. Journal of European Public Policy, 19(3), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.638117
• Clift, B. (2013), Economic Patriotism, the Clash of Capitalisms, and State Aid in the European Union. Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, 13(1), 101-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-012-0138-5
• Commission Regulation (EU) No 1407/2013 of 18 December 2013 on the application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to de minimis aid Text with EEA relevance, Retrieved August 20, 2021, from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PL/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2013.352.01.0001.01.ENG
• Crowther J. (1998), Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. Fifth Edition,Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Davidov E. (2010), Nationalism and Constructive Patriotism: A Longitudinal Test of Comparability in 22 Countries with ISSP. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 23(1), 88-103. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edq031
• De Clercq, D., Narongsak, T., & Voronov M. (2015), "Explaining SME Engagement in Local Sourcing: The Roles of Location-Specific Resources and Patriotism. International Small Business Journal, 33(8), 929-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614540316
• Diodato, E., & Niglia, F. (2019), Berlusconi 'The Diplomat', London: Palgrave pp. 97-141.
• Dowley, K. M. & Silver, B. D. (2000), Subnational and National Loyalty: Cross-national Comparisons. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 12(4), 357-371.
• Druckman, D. (1994), Nationalism, Patriotism and Group Layalty: A Social Psychological Perspective. Mershom International Studies Review. 38(1), 43-68.
• England, E. (1985), A Small and Piercing Voice: The Sermons of Spencer W. Kimball. Brigham Young University Studies, 25(4), 77-108.
• Estrin, S., Mickiewicz, T., & Ute, S. (2016), Human capital in social and commercial entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(4), 449-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.05.003
• Fendt, J. & Sachs W. (2007), Grounded Theory Method in Management Research: Users' Perspectives. Organizational Research Methods, 11(3), 430-455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428106297812
• Fetahu, D. (2017). The importance of nepotym and corruption management in institutions and the economy of the country. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2, 133-43.
• Fetzer, T. (2017). Patriotism and the economy. Sardoc M. (Ed), Handbook of Patriotism, Springer, Cham, pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p133-143
• Fagerström, J. (2020). How China and Nordic countries conceptualise Corporate Social Responsibility : - A study of senior decision-makers' statements within the banking sector (Dissertation). Retrieved March 5, 2022, from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35145
• Furman, J.L., Porter, M.E., & Stern, S. (2002). The determinant of national innovative capacity. Research Policy, 31, 899 - 933.
• Gawell, M. (2013). Social entrepreneurship: action grounded in needs, opportunities and/or perceived necessities?. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 24(4), 1071-1090.
• Gehlen, B., Marx, Ch., & Reckendress, A. (2020), Ambivalences of nationality- Economic nationalism, nationality of the company, nationalism as strategy: An introduction. Journal of Modern European History, 18(1), 16-27.
• Gibbs, D. (2009). Sustainability entrepreneurs, ecopreneurs and the development of a sustainable economy. Greener Management International, 55, 62-78.
• Good, L. K. & Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: Are feelings and intentions related. International Marketing Review, 12(5), 35-48.
• Grębosz-Krawczyk, M. (2019). Attitudes of young consumers towards international nostalgic brands - the comparative study. Economics and Sociology, 12(3), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2019/12-3/12
• Greenfeld, L. (2011). Globalization of nationalism and the future of the nation-state. International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society. 24(1-2), 5-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-010-9110-8
• Gurría, A. (2013). The missing entrepreneurs: Policies for inclusive entrepreneurship in Europe. OECD. OECD/The European Commission: OECD Publishing.
• Hall, J. K., Daneke, G.A., & Lenox, M. J. (2010), Sustainable development and entrepreneurship: Past contributions and future directions. Journal of Business Venturing 25(5), 439-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.01.002
• Hammond, R. A., & Axelrod, R. (2006), The Evolution of Ethnocentrism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(6), 926-936. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002706293470
• Haucap, J., Wey, Ch., & Barmbold, J. F. (1997). Location Choice as a Signal for Product Quality: The Economics of "Made in Germany", Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) / Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 153(3), 510-31.
• Helleiner, E. (2021). The diversity of economic nationalism. New Politcal Economy, 26(2), 229-238.
• Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., & Hazel, W. (2002). Intergroup Bias. Annual Review of Psychology. 53, 575-604.
• Ignatowski, G., Sułkowski, Ł., & Stopczyński, B. (2021). Risk of increased acceptance for organizational nepotism and cronyism during the covid-19 pandemic. Risks, 9(4), https://doi.org/10.3390/risks9040059
• Ivanova-Gongne M, Torkkeli, L., Hannibal, M., Uzhegova, M., Barner-Rasmussen, W., Dziubaniuk, O., & Kulkov, I. (2022). Cultural sensemaking of corporate social responsibility: A dyadic view of Russian-Finnish business relationships, Industrial Marketing Management, 101, 153-164.
• Jaskiewicz P., Uhlenbruck K., Balkin D.B., & Reay T. (2013). Is nepotism good or bad? Types of nepotism and implications for knowledge management, Family Business Review, 26(2),121-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512470841
• Jones, R. G., & Stout, T. (2015). Policing nepotism and cronyism without losing the value of social connection. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8, 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2014.3
• Keles H.N., Ozkan T.K. & Bezirci M. (2011), A Study On The Effects Of Nepotism, Favoritism And Cronyism On Organizational Trust In The Auditing Process In Family Businesses In Turkey, International Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(9), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i9.5622
• Keohane, O. (2018), Cosmo-nationalism: American, French and German Philosophy, Edinburg: Edinburg University Press.
• Kim, R. B., & Chao, Y. (2019). Effects of brand experience, brand image and brand trust on brand building process: The case of Chinese millennial generation consumers. Journal of International Studies, 12(3), 9-21. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-3/1
• Kregel J. (2019), Globalization, Nationalism, and Clearing Systems. Review of Keynesian Studies, 1, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.34490/revkeystud.1.0_1
• Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz, B., Zalewska, A. M. & Karakakatsani D. (2017), Does economic condition matter?: Citizenship activity of young people in countries with different economic status. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 12(2), 151-169.
• Leadbeaster, Ch. & Goss, S. (1998), Civic entrepreneurship. London. Demos.
• Lekakis, E. J. (2017). Economic nationalism and the cultural politics of consumption under austerity: The rise of ethnocentric consumption in Greece. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(2), 286-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515586872
• Levi-Faur, D. (1997), Economic nationalism: from Friedrich List to Robert Reich. Review of International Studies, 23(3), 359-370.
• Lippmann, S. & Aldrich, H. E. (2016), A rolling stone gathers momentum: Generational units, collective memory, and entrepreneurship. The Academy of Management Review, 41(4), 658-675.
• Luchko, M., Arzamasova, O., & Vovk, I. (2019). Personnel potential of national economy and gross domestic product: The case of Ukraine. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 15(2), 59-70. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2019.15-2.5
• Maison, D., Ardi, R., Yulianto, J. E., & Rembulan, C. L. (2018). How consumer ethnocentrism can predict consumer preferences - construction and validation of SCONET scale. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 49(3), 365-374. https://doi.org/10.24425/119504
• Markell P. (2000). Macing affect for democracy? On "constitutional patriotism". Political Theory. 28(1), 38-63.
• Melegh A. (2006). On the east-west slope. Globalization, nationalism, racism and discourses on Eastern Europe. Budapest, New York: Central European University Press.
• Moreno-Luzón, J. (2007). Fighting for the national memory. The Commemoration of the Spanish 'War of Independence' in 1908-1912", History and Memory, 19(1), 68-94. https://doi.org/10.2979/his.2007.19.1.68
• Mukherjee, R. (2008). A century of trust: the story of tata steel. New Delhi: Penguin Books India.
• Mummendey, A., Klink, A. & Brown, R. (2001). Nationalism and patriotism: National identification and out-group rejection. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(2), 159-172.
• Naczyk, (2014). Budapest in Warsaw: Central european business elites and the rise of economic patriotism since the crisis. SSRN Electronic Journal. Retrieved August 20, 2021, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2550496
• Ogbolu, M. N., & Singh, R. P. (2019). Studying consumer ethnocentrism as a factor for depressed rates of black entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Diversity, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.33423/jbd.v19i5.2647
• Pacheco D, F., Dean T. J., & Payne D. S. (2010). Escaping the green prison: Entrepreneurship and the creation of opportunities for sustainable development. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 464-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.006
• Padgett, M., & Morris K. (2005). Keeping it "All in the Family:" Does nepotism in the hiring process really benefit the beneficiary?. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11, 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190501100205
• Padgett, M., Padgett, R.J., & Morris K. (2015). Perceptions of nepotism beneficiaries: the hidden price of using a family connection to obtain a job. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30, 283-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9354-9
• Papp, M., & Varju, M. (2019). The crisis, economic patriotism in central Europe and EU law. Antoniolli, L. Bonatti, L. Ruzza, C. (Eds.) Highs and lows of European integration. New York: Springer International Publishing 2019, pp. 143-163.
• Pham, T. V. (2019). Indonesia guided economy: 1957-1965. Pham, T. V. (Ed) Beyond Political Skin, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., pp. 159-207.
• Poole, R. (2008). Patriotism and nationalism. Primoratz I., Pavcovic A. (Ed) Patriotism. Philosophical and Political Perspectives. Alderton: Ashgate, pp. 2-34.
• Porter, M.E., (2008). On competition. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
• Pryke, S. (2012). Economic nationalism: theory, history and prospects. Global Policy, 3(3), 281-291.
• Puncheva-Michelotti, P., Hudson, S., & Michelotti, M. (2018). The role of proximity to local and global citizens in stakeholders' moral recognition of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Research, 88, 234-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.027.
• Rawwas M., Rajendran, K. N., & Wuehrer G. A. (1996). The influence of worldmindedness and nationalism on consumer evaluation of domestic and foreign products. International Marketting Review, 13(2), 20-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339610115746
• Ray, J.J., & Furnham, A. (1984). Authoritarianism, conservatism and racism. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 7(3), 406-412.
• Reznikova, N., Panchenko, V., & Bulatova, O. (2018). The policy of economic nationalism: From origins to new variations of economic patriotism. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 4(4), 274-281. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-274-281
• Rosamond, B. (2012). Supranational governance as economic patriotism? The European Union, legitimacy and the reconstruction of state space. Journal of European Public Policy, 19(3), 324-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.638119
• Rowe, P. A., & Christie, M. J. (2008). Civic entrepreneurship in Australia: Opening the "black box" of tacit knowledge in local government top management teams. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21(5), 509-524. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550810885804
• Shimp, T., & Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151638
• Siamagka, N. T., & Balabanis, G. (2015). Revisiting consumer ethnocentrism: review, reconceptualization, and empirical testing. Journal of International Marketing, 23(3), 66-86. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.14.0085
• Spillan J. E., & Harcar T. (2013). A comperativ study of patriotism, protectionism, social economic conservatism between Indian and Vietnemese consumers: the effect of those constructs on buying inclination. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 2(6), 1-26.
• Staerklé Ch., Sidanius J., Green E.G.T., & Molina L.E. (2010). Ethnic minority-majority asymetry in national attitudes around the world: a multieval analysis. Political Psychology, 31(4), 491-519.
• Sťahel, R. (2013). Globalisation and the crisis. Philosophica. Towards a Political Philosophy, 12, 45-56.
• Suryadinata, L. (2000). Nationalism and globalization. East and west. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
• Szanyi, M. (2017). Impacts of the crisis on the fdi-led development model in Hungary: Emergence of economic patriotism or shift from the competition state to patronage?. Havlik, P., & Iwasaki I. (Eds). Economics of European Crises and Emerging Markets, Palgrave, Singapore, (pp. 149-170).
• Šmaižienė, I., & Vaitkienė, R. (2014). Consumer ethnocentrism and attitudes towards the domestic and foreign-made dietary supplements (the case of Lithuanian market). Economics and Business. 26, 88-96. https://doi.org/10.7250/eb.2014.025
• Teo Poh-Chuin, & Osman, M. (2017). The impacts of worldmindedness and nationalism on students' attitude and purchase intention towards portable consumer eledctronics: a cross-national study. 6th Business and Management Conference, Geneva, Retrieved August 20, 2021, from https://iises.net/proceedings/6th-business-management-conference-geneva-56/table-of-content/detail?article=the-impacts-of-orldmindedness-and-nationalism-on-students-attitude-and-purchase-intention-towards-portable- , April 01, 2021. https://doi.org/10.20472/BMC.2017.006.013
• Thompson, J., Lees A., & Alvy G. (2000). Social entrepreneurship - a new look at the people and the potential. Management Decision, 38(5), 328-338.
• Thorgren, S., & Wincent, J. (2013). Passion and habitual entrepreneurship. International Small Business Journal, 33(2), 216-227. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613487085
• Toften, K., & Hammervoll, T. (2013). Niche marketing research: Status and challenges, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 31(3), 272-285. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501311324618
• Tvaronavičienė, M., Mazur, N., Mishchuk, H., & Bilan, Y. (2021). Quality of life of the youth: Assessment methodology development and empirical study in human capital management. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.1956361
• Wruuck P. (2006). Economic patriotism. new game in industry policy?. EU Monitor, June 14, 2006, 3-4.
• Zeugner-Roth, K.P., Žabkar, V., & Diamantopoulos, A. (2015). Consumer ethnocentrism, national identity, and consumer cosmopolitanism as drivers of consumer behavior: A social identity theory perspective. Journal of International Marketing, 23(2), 25-54.
• Zueva, A., & Fairbrass, J. (2021). Politicising government engagement with corporate social responsibility: "CSR" as an Empty Signifier. Journal of Business Ethics, 170, 635-655. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04330-5

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.14254/2071-789X.2022/15-1/19