Proces starzenia się ludności Polski

• Autorzy: Ewa Frątczak

Warianty tytułu

Ageing of Poland's population

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Pojęcia "proces starzenia się" i "starość" mają różne znaczenie w zależności od dyscypliny naukowej, której przedmiotem zainteresowania stają się te zjawiska. W próbach zdefiniowania, czy też sposobach sformułowania stosownych określeń dotyczących tych zjawisk można wyodrębnić cztery podstawowe ujęcia . Proces starzenia się może być rozpatrywany jako proces biologiczny, któremu podlega organizm od momentu urodzenia aż do momentu śmierci. Głównym przedmiotem zainteresowań jest tu jednostka. Definicje te wykorzystuje się głównie w naukach przyrodniczych: biologii, medycynie, geriatrii. Zagadnieniami starzenia się jednostki zajmują się również takie dyscypliny nauki jak psychologia i socjologia. W trakcie analizy biologicznych zmian zachodzących w organizmie człowieka można badać proces rozwoju psychologicznego i społecznego jednostki, biorąc pod uwagę zmiany pozycji społecznej, pełnione role i posiadany status.Rozszerzeniem zakresu podanego w punkcie pierwszym jest zagadnienie procesu starzenia się rodzin czy gospodarstw domowych jako pewnych grup jednostek zmieniających się w czasie życia swoich członków. Poszczególne fazy cyklu życia rodziny wyznaczają zdarzenia demograficzne, takie jak: małżeństwo, narodziny kolejnych dzieci, opuszczanie domu rodzinnego przez dzieci, itd. Proces starzenia się rodzin i gospodarstw domowych to przedmiot zainteresowań nie tylko demografów, ale również socjologów, ekonomistów, polityków społecznych. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The article is based on the paper "Population ageing - the case of Poland,, prepared for the workshop on "Ageing, intergenerational solidarity, and agespecific vulnerabilities, Rome, 20-21 April 2000, under the Network for Integrated European Population Studies (NIEPS). Ageing can be studied from perspectives of different disciplines (i.e. demography, biology, medicine, psychology, sociology, and economics) which define an object of the study (an individual, the family, the household, the population) and approaches used in the analysis. In the article population ageing in Poland is presented from demographic perspective. However, when discussing research needs the interdisciplinary approach is referred to. Changes in the age composition in the past are analysed for the total, rural and urban population. Different course of fertility and mortality changes in urban and rural areas, and mostly migration from the country site to cities determined spatial differences in ageing. The rural population became visibly older, but a decline in rural-urban migration in the 1990s contributed to a slowdown of ageing in these areas. At the beginning of the twenty first century, ageing in Poland is low in comparison to other European countries. Although population changes, foreseen in the next 30 years, show considerable advancement in that process, Poland will remain in the group of countries with relatively lower ageing indicators. Population ageing is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Studies on that challenging demographic change are on the top of research priorities of national and international institutions. Recommended focus, methods, and data designing are discussed in the last section of the article in reference to the recent important international conferences on ageing (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Starzenie się społeczeństw; Procesy demograficzne; Gospodarstwa domowe

EN

Ageing of the population; Demographic process; Households

• Czasopismo: Studia Demograficzne
• Rocznik: 2002
• Numer: nr 2(142)
• Strony: 3--28

Twórcy

autor

Ewa Frątczak

• Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie

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