Migracja zastępcza-sposób przeciwdziałania starzeniu się i ubytkowi zasobów pracy w Unii Europejskiej?

• Autorzy: Ewa Orzechowska

Warianty tytułu

Replacement migration - a policy response to counteract ageing and declining labour force in the European Union

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Migracja, a szczególnie imigracja była zawsze bardzo ważnym, aczkolwiek kontrowersyjnym tematem w Europie. Obecnie, w krajach Europy Zachodniej jest ona stosunkowo często postrzegana jako negatywne zjawisko. Nie należy jednak zapominać, że w historii Europy imigracja niejednokrotnie pomagała rozwiązywać poważne problemy trapiące kontynent. Na przykład, na początku XIX stulecia emigracja z Europy przyczyniła się do rozkwitu światowej, transatlantyckiej gospodarki. Po II wojnie światowej imigracja pomogła Europie uporać się z niedoborem zasobów pracy i odbudową gospodarki krajów europejskich.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The concept of "replacement migration", introduced by the UN Population livision recently, has been widely discussed not only by demographers. In the study "Replacement Migration: Is It a Solution to Declining and Ageing Populations?" United Nation 2000, different simulation scenarios have been prepared to illustrate whether migration might be considered as a measure to deal with some population goals (i.e. to keep the size of the population at the certain level, to maintain the size of the working age population at the given level, to maintain the potential support ratio). This article focuses on a question whether replacement migration can be considered as a response to foreseen population changes in the European Union. The population and labour force decline and their ageing will shape European populations in the twenty first century and will have profound implications on all sectors of European economies. Here, the main emphasis is placed on labour force changes and their labour market consequences. Migration might prove again to be an effective strategy to solve some problems. The debate on replacement migration is ongoing and it is difficult to draw exclusive conclusions now, directly identifying the future trends in migration policies in Europe. Up to now migration seems to be considered only a component of policy mix countering not demographic trends (population ageing and decline) but some of their negative labour market consequences. Radical shifts in migration policies in the European Union are therefore unlikely to occur. Nonetheless as a response to the labour force shortages and skill mismatches one can expect that future migration policies of the European Union Member States will be more liberal. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Starzenie się społeczeństw; Migracja; Gospodarka; Odbudowa gospodarcza

EN

Ageing of the population; Migration; Economy; Economic reconstruction

• Czasopismo: Studia Demograficzne
• Rocznik: 2002
• Numer: nr 2(142)
• Strony: 73--92

Twórcy

autor

Ewa Orzechowska

• United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Genewa, Szwajcaria

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