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2022 | Economics of Sustainability | 248--270
Tytuł artykułu

Poverty and Hunger

Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In this Subchapter the issues of hunger and poverty, how they are measured, to what extent they affect the world population of the economically most backward countries are addressed. Many cross-country poverty studies measure the poverty using the criterion of those living on less than US$1 a day - the threshold defined by the international community as constituting extreme poverty. In the text specific economic tools in order to succeed in alleviating these situations of economic and social hardship are offered. At the EU level, the Europe 2020 strategy set a target to reduce poverty by at least 20 million by 2020, which has not been achieved. The UN believes that reducing child mortality depends on reducing inequality by helping the most vulnerable infants, children, and mothers. The COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating existing inequalities, hitting the poor and most excluded hardest, and pushing new people into poverty. This Subchapter easily explains how important and fundamental it is to develop tools aimed at reducing poverty, especially in countries where people live below these thresholds. The goal is to explain how the vicious circle of malnutrition and poverty can be broken and how, by using different approaches for different countries, zero poverty and hunger could decrease by 2030, in order to achieve Sustainable Development. The Subchapter also contains case studies of the poorest countries in the world and offers appropriate conclusions for overcoming the global problem of poverty and hunger.(original abstract)
Twórcy
  • Integrated Business Faculty, Skopje, North Macedonia
  • Integrated Business Faculty, Skopje, North Macedonia
  • Integrated Business Faculty, Skopje, North Macedonia
Bibliografia
  • Action Against Hunger. (2020, May). Ending child hunger worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.actionagainsthunger.org/end-child-hunger
  • Asian Development Bank. (n.d.). Poverty data: Nepal. Retrieved from https://www.adb. org/countries/nepal/poverty
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  • Foodnavigator. (2020). Junk food advertising: WHO calls for legally binding treaty to end 'predatory commercial practices'. Retrieved from https://www.foodnavigator. com/Article/2020/02/21/Junk-food-advertising-WHO-calls-for-legally-binding-tre aty-to-end-predatory-commercial-practices
  • Global Hunger Index. (2020a). Democratic Republic of Congo: A closer look at hunger and undernutrition. Retrieved from https://www.globalhungerindex.org/case-studies/ 2020-drc.html
  • Global Hunger Index. (2020b). Nepal: A closer look at hunger and undernutrition. https://www.globalhungerindex.org/case-studies/2020-nepal.html
  • Humanium. (n.d.). United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959). Retrieved from https://www.humanium.org/en/text-5/
  • IISD. (2017). UN Report finds newborn child mortality rates on the rise. Retrieved from https://sdg.iisd.org/news/un-report-finds-newborn-child-mortality-rates-on-the-rise/
  • International Fund for Agricultural Development [IFAD]. (2021). Change starts here: Small farmers with a big message for the world. Retrievd from https:// www.ifad.org/thefieldreport/
  • Lowder, S. K., Skoet, J., & Raney, T. (2016). The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide. World Development, 87, 16-29. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.041
  • Making Finance Work for Africa [MFW4A]. (n.d.). Agricultural finance. Retrieved from https://www.mfw4a.org/our-work-detail/249
  • Migrantes Refugiados. (n.d.). Perfiles de los paises: Nepal. Retrieved from https:// migrants-refugees.va/es/blog/country-profile/nepal/
  • Roettger, D. (2015). Agricultural finance for smallholder farmers: Rethinking traditional microfinance risk and cost management approaches. Stuttgart: Ibidem Press.
  • State of Food Insecurity and Nutrition in the World. (2020). The world is at a critical juncture. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/state-of-food-security-nutrition/en/
  • Sustainable Development Goal 2, Zero Hunger. Retrieved from https://sustainable development.un.org/sdg2
  • Tradecorp. (2021). Good nutrition can break the vicious cycle of poverty and malnutrition in a single generation, according to UNICEF. Retrieved from: https:// tradecorp.com.es/en/good-nutrition-can-break-the-vicious-cycle-of-poverty-and-ma lnutrition-in-a-single-generation-according-to-unicef/
  • UKEssays. (2018, November). Poverty and hunger around the world. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/poverty-and-hunger-around-the-world -economics-essay.php?vref=1
  • UNICEF. (2018). A child under 15 dies every five seconds around the world - UN report. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/pacificislands/press-releases/child-under-15-dies-every-five-seconds-around-world-un-report
  • UNICEF. (2019a). The changing face of maltrunation. Retrieved from https://features. unicef.org/state-of-the-worlds-children-2019-nutrition/
  • UNICEF. (2019b). The state of the world's children 2019. Children, food and nutrition: Growing well in a changing world. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/mena/ reports/state-worlds-children-2019
  • UNICEF. (2021). A child under 15 dies every five seconds around the world - UN report. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/eap/press-releases/child-under-15-dies-every-five-seconds-around-world-un-report
  • Vasiljevic-Shikaleska, A., Stojanovikj, M., Kirovska, Z., Kiselicki, M., & Gjozinska, B. (2017). The quest for optimal fusion of learning. Teaching and evaluation for improving student classroom proceedings. International Scientific Conference "Teaching Methods for Economics and Business Sciences". 8 May 2017, University of Maribor Press, Maribor, Slovenia.
  • WHO. (2018). Nurturing care for early childhood development: A framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential (2nd ed.). Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272603/97892415 14064-eng.pdf
  • World Bank. (2015). Ending poverty and hunger by 2030. An agenda from the global food system. Retrieved from: https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/7000 61468334490682/pdf/95768-REVISED-WP-PUBLIC-Box391467B-Ending-Poverty -and-Hunger-by-2030-FINAL.pdf
  • World Food Programme [WFP]. (2019, June). Hunger & conflict. Fact sheet. Retrieved from https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP-0000105972/download/?_ga=2.129 293580.1478260190.1649659673-846342280.1649659673
  • World Food Programme [WFP]. (2020). With conflict and Covid-19 deepening hunger in the Democratic Republic of Congo, more help is needed to save millions of lives. Retrieved from https://www.wfp.org/news/conflict-and-covid-19-deepening-hunger -democratic-republic-congo-more-help-needed-save
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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Identyfikator YADDA
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