Comparative Analysis of Export Determinants in Italian and Polish Firms: The Moderating Role of Non-Family Management

• Autorzy: Marco Pini , Grzegorz Tchorek
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

PURPOSE: The paper analyses the determinants of exporting from a cross-country perspective, comparing Italy and Poland. It focuses on three objectives: i) investigating if age and size influence the firm's probability to export; ii) if there are differences between family and non-family management; iii) if and how non-family management positively moderates the relationship between age, size, and the firm's probability to export. METHODOLOGY: Microeconometric analysis using probit regressions on two surveys carried out in Italy and Poland on representative samples of manufacturing SMEs (1,100 for Italy and 680 for Poland). We control for several factors, such as innovation, geographical location, economic sector, and banks relationship. FINDINGS: In both countries, the larger firms have a higher probability to export, with a higher significant effect in Italy than in Poland. Business experience proves to be a factor affecting the likelihood of exporting only in Italy (in a positive sense: older firms are more likely to export) and not in Poland. External (non-family) management is a driver for the internationalization of family-owned firms, especially for younger firms in Italy and for smaller firms in Poland. All these findings are confirmed by robustness check analyses on the subsample of family-owned firms. IMPLICATIONS: i) the role of corporate governance can differ between countries with reference to a firm's competitiveness; ii) favoring management openness to external managers for family-owned firms; iii) small firms require greater support in encouraging exporting behavior; iv) the need to consider jointly the issues of innovation, internationalization and corporate governance modes (familynon-family management) in the agenda of the firm's competitiveness. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of exporting by simultaneously studying some firm's characteristics related to size and age with others related to corporate governance, which are usually addressed separately. Furthermore, this paper tries to fill a gap concerning a lack of cross-country studies focusing on European countries other than those more advanced. (original abstract)

CEL: W artykule dokonano analizy determinant eksportu w ujęciu międzynarodowym porównując Włochy i Polskę. Analiza jest skoncentrowana na trzech celach: i) zbadaniu, czy wiek i wielkość firmy wpływają na prawdopodobieństwo eksportu; ii) czy istnieją różnice między zarządzaniem firm rodzinnych a nierodzinnych; iii) czy i w jaki sposób kierownictwo spoza rodziny pozytywnie moderuje związek między wiekiem a wielkością firmy w kontekście umiędzynarodowienia. METODYKA: Analiza mikroekonomiczna z wykorzystaniem regresji probitowych na zintegrowanej bazie dwóch badań przeprowadzonych we Włoszech i w Polsce na reprezentatywnych próbach MŚP (1100 dla Włoch i 680 dla Polski). Kontrolujemy kilka czynników, takich jak innowacyjność, położenie geograficzne, sektor gospodarczy i relacje z bankami. WYNIKI: W obu krajach większe firmy mają rosnące prawdopodobieństwo eksportu, z wyższym efektem we Włoszech niż w Polsce. Doświadczenie biznesowe okazuje się czynnikiem wpływającym na prawdopodobieństwo eksportu tylko we Włoszech (w sensie pozytywnym: starsze firmy częściej eksportują), a nie w Polsce. Zarządzanie poprzez osoby z zewnętrz (nierodzinne) jest siłą napędową umiędzynarodowienia firm rodzinnych, zwłaszcza młodszych firm we Włoszech i mniejszych firm w Polsce. IMPLIKACJE: i) rola ładu korporacyjnego może różnić się w poszczególnych krajach w kontekście konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw; ii) sprzyjanie otwartości kierownictwa na menedżerów zewnętrznych w firmach rodzinnych; iii) małe firmy wymagają większego wsparcia w zachęcaniu do działań eksportowych; iv) zasadne jest wspólne rozważanie kwestii innowacji, internacjonalizacji i ładu korporacyjnego (zarządzanie rodzinne/nierodzinne) w programach wspierania konkurencyjności firm. ORYGINALNOŚĆ I WARTOŚĆ: Artykuł stanowi wkład do nurtu literatury dotyczącej determinant eksportu, badając jednocześnie cechy firm związane z wielkością i wiekiem oraz ładem korporacyjnym, które zwykle są rozpatrywane oddzielnie. Ponadto artykuł próbuje wypełnić lukę związaną z brakiem badań międzynarodowych skupiających się na krajach UE, innych niż te bardziej zaawansowane. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Family-owned business; Innovations; Small business; Export; Enterprise management; Comparative analysis

PL

Przedsiębiorstwo rodzinne; Innowacje; Małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa; Eksport; Zarządzanie przedsiębiorstwem; Analiza porównawcza

• Czasopismo: Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI)
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: 18
• Numer: nr 2 Quantitative Research in Economics and Management Sciences
• Strony: 41--67

Twórcy

autor

Marco Pini

• Centro Studi delle Camere di Commercio Guglielmo Tagliacarne, Italy

autor

Grzegorz Tchorek

• University of Warsaw

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Identyfikatory

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7341/20221822