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2022 | 58 | nr 2 | 218--232
Tytuł artykułu

The role of foreign aid in the transformation of Iraq's society and economy

Autorzy
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Foreign aid helps in transforming nations and ensuring that they attain economic development. Foreign aid levels in Iraq are higher than those of its oil-producing neighbors due to numerous factors that are discussed in the present study. Iraq is the second largest oil producer in the Middle East after Saudi Arabia, but some activities within the country have curtailed development, leaving it at the mercy of foreign nations and investors. The present study aims to evaluate the level of foreign aid in Iraq, comparing it to its oil-rich neighbors. It highlights various factors that have increased Iraq's dependence on foreign aid and the role and management of this assistance. The article shows how negative factors like war, poor governance, and corruption have contributed to the over-reliance on foreign aid, in spite of Iraqbeing endowed with natural resources. The qualitative evaluation of the development of Iraq's oil aid reveals that continued reliance on foreign aid will jeopardizes the country's economic development.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Tom
58
Numer
Strony
218--232
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
  • SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland; doktorant
Bibliografia
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  • Iraq - Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita 2020/. (2021, October 12). Statista. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/ statistics/326993/gross-domestic-product-gdp-per-capita-in-iraq. [5th October 2021].
  • Iraq - infant mortality rate 2009-2019. (2021, December 16). Statista. Retrieved https://www.statista.com/statistics/806949/ infant-mortality-in-iraq. [15th October 2021].
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  • Markovits, D., Strange, A., Tingley, D. (2019), Foreign aid and the Status Quo: evidence from pre-Marshall plan aid. "The Chinese Journal of International Politics", Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 585-613.
  • Morgenthau, H. (1962). A political theory of foreign aid. "American Political Science Review", Vol. 56 No. 2, 301-309.
  • Mousseau, D. Y. (2021). Does foreign development aid trigger ethnic war in developing state. "Armed Forces & Society", Vol. 47, (No. 4), pp. 750 - 769.
  • OECD (2021), "Saudi Arabia", in Development co-operation profiles, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/ b2156c99-en. [21st October 2021].
  • Oil production Middle East by country 2018. Statista. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/218302/ oil-production-in-key-middle-eastern-countries/. [21st October 2021].
  • Peralta, Y. (2018). Underwhelming success of United States foreign assistance. University at Albany, State University of New York.
  • Qian, N. (2015). Making progress on foreign aid. "Annual Review of Economics", Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 277-308.
  • Rimmer, S. (2013). Gender and private sector development in iraq (draft). MENA Knowledge and Learning Quick Notes Series.
  • Saudi Arabia: Back to Baghdad (2020). International Crisis Group. Retrieved from https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east- north-africa/gulf-and-arabian-peninsula/iraq/186- saudi-arabia-back-baghdad. [21st October 2021].
  • Sharp, J. M. (2021). US Foreign assistance to the middle east: historical background. Recent Trends, and the FY2021 Request, Congressional Research Service.
  • Stoddard, A., Jillani, S., Caccavale, J., Cooke, P., Guillemois, D., Klimentov, V. (2017). Out of reach: how insecurity prevents humanitarian aid from accessing the neediest. "Stability: International Journal of Security and Development", Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 1-18.
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  • Transparency International (2015). Retrieved fromhttps://www.transparency.org/country/
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171654626

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