Dlaczego naukowcy wyjeżdżają za granicę? : motywy ekspatriacji akademickiej

• Autorzy: Sylwia Przytuła , Adam Świda

Warianty tytułu

Why do Scientists Go Abroad? : the Motives of Academic Expatriates

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem tego artykułu było zaprezentowanie motywów podejmowania pracy na zagranicznych uczelniach przez ekspatriantów akademickich. Badania jakościowe w formie wywiadów przeprowadzono z 13 naukowcami pracującymi w zagranicznych uczelniach w latach 2021-2022. Według respondentów o pracy w zagranicznej uczelni zdecydowały rekomendacja i wsparcie znanego profesora, z którym wcześniej współpracowali, a także sieć relacji naukowych. Praca za granicą jest traktowana jako szansa rozwoju oraz dostęp do zasobów, odmiennych stylów pracy i warsztatów metodycznych. Akademicy cenią sobie autonomię, zaufanie, jakimi obdarzają ich uniwersytety zagraniczne. Ekspaci akademiccy są architektami swojej ścieżki naukowej, nie rezygnują przy tym z chęci eksplorowania świata i kultury kraju goszczącego. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The aim of this article is to present the motives of academic expatriates in undertaking work at foreign universities. Qualitative research in the form of interviews was conducted with thirteen scientists working at foreign universities over the years 2021-2022. According to the respondents, the decision to work at a foreign University was determined by the recommendation and support of a well-known profesor with whom they had previously cooperated as well as by a network of scientific relationships. Working abroad is treated as an opportunity for development as well as a way to access resources, different work styles and methodological workshops. Academics appreciate the autonomy and trust that foreign universities place in them. Academic expatriates are the architects of their scientific path while at the same time they do not give up any willingness to explore the lands and culture of the host country. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Szkolnictwo wyższe; Internacjonalizacja; Internacjonalizacja badań naukowych; Praca za granicą; Ekspat; Nauczyciele akademiccy

EN

Higher education; Internationalization; Internationalization of scientific research; Work abroad; Expatriate; Academic teachers

• Czasopismo: Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi
• Rocznik: 2022
• Numer: nr 5 (148)
• Strony: 84--102

Twórcy

autor

Sylwia Przytuła

• Politechnika Wrocławska

autor

Adam Świda

• Politechnika Wrocławska

Bibliografia

• Altbach, P. G. (2000). The Changing Academic Workplace: Comparative Perspectives. Boston College Center for International Higher Education.
• Arifa, Y. N., El Baroudi, S., Khapova, S. N. (2021). How do Individuals Form Their Motivations to Expatriate? A Review and Future Research Agenda. Frontiers in Sociology, 6 (August), 1-17. DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.631537.
• Austin, A., Chapman, S., Farah, S., Wilson, E., Ridge, N. (2014). Expatriate academic staff in the United Arab Emirates:the nature of their work experiences in higher education institutions. Higher Education, 68 (4), 541-557.
• Cai, L., Hall, C. (2016). Motivations, expectations and experiences of expatriate academic staff on an international branch campus in China. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20 (3), 207-222.
• Carmel, R. G., & Paul, M. W. (2015). Mentoring and coaching in academia: Reflections on a mentoring/coaching relationship. Policy Futures in Education, 13 (4), 479-491. DOI: 10.1177/1478210315578562.
• Cerdin, J. L. (2013). Motivation of self-initiated expatriates. W: M. Andresen, M., Al Ariss, A., Walther (red.), Self-initiated expatriation. Individual, organizational and national perpectives. Routledge.
• Chen, C. C.; Chen, Y. R.; Xin, K. (2004). Guanxi practices and trust in management: A procedural justice perspective. Organizationa Science, 15, 200-209.
• Czernek, K. (2016). Wprowadzenie do badań jakościowych w naukach o zarządzaniu. W: W. Czakon (red.), Podstawy metodologii badań w naukach o zarządzaniu. Warszawa: Gab.
• Dean, D. (2009). Getting the most out of your mentoring relationships. Mentoring in Academia and Industry, 3, 3-5.
• Doherty, N., Dickmann, M., Mills, T. (2011). Exploring the motives of company-backed and self-initiated expatriates. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22 (3), 595-611. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2011.543637.
• Ductor, L. (2015). Does co-authorship lead to higher academic productivity? Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 77, 385-407.
• Froese, F. J. (2012). Motivation and adjustment of self-initiated expatriates: the case of expatriate academics in South Korea. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23 (6), 1095-1112. DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2011.561220.
• Glinka, B., Czakon, W. (2021). Podstawy badań jakościowych. Warszawa: PWE.
• Harry, T. T., Dodd, N. M., Chinyamurindi, W. T. (2017). Using Narratives to Understand the Motivational Factors and Experience of Being a Self-Initiated Academic Expatriate in South Africa. International Human Resource Management, 15 (1), 1-9.
• Harvey, W. S. (2008). The social networks of British and Indian expatriate scientists in Boston. Geoforum, 39 (5), 1756-1765. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2008.06.006.
• Inkson, K., Arthur, M. B., Pringle, J., & Barry, S. (1997). Expatriate assignment versus overseas experience: Contrasting models of international human resource development. Journal of World Business. DOI: 10.1016/S1090-9516(97)90017-1.
• International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2018). World Migration 2018.
• Isakovic, A., Whitman, M. (2013). Self-initiated expatriate adjustment in the United Arab Emirates. A study of academics. Journal of Global Mobility, 1 (2), 161-186.
• Jepsen, D. M., Sun, J. J. M., Budhwar, P. S., Klehe, U. C., Krausert, A., Raghuram, S., & Valcour, M. (2014). International academic careers: Personal reflections. In International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (10). DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2013.870307.
• Kim, E. C. (2015). International professors in China: prestige maintenance and making sense of teaching abroad. Current Sociology, 63 (4), 604-620.
• Knight, J. (2015). Updated definition of internationalization. International Higher Education, 33.
• Kwiek, M. (2018). Changing European Academics A Comparative Study of Social Stratification, Work Patterns and Research Productivity. Taylor & Francis.
• Lauring, J., Selmer, J. (2015). Job engagement and work outcomes in a cognitively demanding context. Personnel Review, 44 (4), 629-647.
• Lauring, J., Selmer, J., Jacobsen, J. K. S. (2014). Business or Pleasure? Blurring Relocation Categories and Motivation Patterns among Expatriates. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2014.900286.
• Lee, J. T., Kuzhabekova, A. (2018). Reverse flow in academic mobility from core to periphery: motivations of international faculty working in Kazakhstan. Higher Education, 76 (2), 369-386. DOI: 10.1007/s10734-017-0213-2.
• McNulty, I., Selmer, J. (2017). Research Handbook of Expatriates. Cheltenham, UK-Northhampton, MA, Edward Elgar.
• Niedbalski, J. (2014). Komputerowe wspomaganie analizy danych jakościowych. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
• Pinto, L. H., Cabral-Cardoso, C., Werther, W. J. (2012). Compelled to go abroad? Motives and outcomes of international assignments. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23 (11), 2295-2314.
• Przytuła, S., Matusz, P. (2021). Integrating migrants: macro, meso and micro perspective. W: Ł. Przytuła, S., Sułkowski (red.), Integration of migrants into the labour market in Europe. Emerald Group.
• Przytuła, S. (2014). Zarządzanie kadrą ekspatriantów w filiach przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych w Polsce. Warszawa: CeDeWu.
• Przytuła, S. (2018). Inicjatywa i intencjonalność w podejmowaniu misji zagranicznej przez ekspatriantów z własnej inicjatywy (SIE). Organizacja i Kierowanie, 4 (183), 169-184.
• Ramalu, S. S., Subramaniam, C. (2019). Cultural intelligence and work engagement of expatriate academics: The role of psychological needs satisfaction. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 19 (1), 7-26. DOI: 10.1177/1470595819827992.
• Richardson, J., McKenna, S. (2002). Leaving and experiencing: Why academics expatirate and how they experience expatriation. Career Development International, 7 (2). DOI: 10.1108/13620430210421614.
• Richardson, C., Wong, H. W. (2018). Expatriate academics in Malaysia: motivation, adjustment, and retention. Journal of Management Development, 37 (3), 299-308. DOI: 10.1108/JMD-12-2017-0421.
• Richardson, J. (2014). Expatriate academics in a Globalized Era: The beginnings of an Untold Story? Work and Employment in a Globalized Era: An Asia Pacific Focus, 2381, 125-150. DOI: 10.1080/13602380000000006.
• Romanowski, M., Nasser, R. (2014). Identity issues: expatriate professors teaching and researching in Quatar. Higher Education, 69 (4), 653-671.
• Ryńca R. (2014). Zastosowanie wybranych metod i narzędzi w ocenie działalności szkoły wyższej. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej.
• Schoepp, K. (2011). The Path to Development: Expatriate Faculty Retention in the UAE. International Education, 40, 58-75.
• Seabrook, J. (2009). Academic Refugees. W: The Refuge and the Fortress. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Selmer, J., Lauring, J. (2013). Cognitive and affective reasons to expatriate and work adjustment of expatriate academics. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 13 (2), 175-191.
• Selmer, J., Lauring, J. (2011). Expatriate academics: job factors and work outcomes. International Journal of Manpower, 32 (2), 194-210. DOI: 10.1108/01437721111130206.
• Shin, J. C., Jung, J. (2013). "Academics" job satisfaction and job stress across countries in the changing academic environments. Higher Education, 67 (5), 603-620.
• Shin, J. C., Gress, D. R. (2018). Expatriate academics and managing diversity: a Korean host university's perspective. Asia Pacific Education Review, 19 (2), 297-306. DOI: 10.1007/s12564-018-9539-4.
• Streeter, J. (2014). Networking in academia. EMBO Reports, 15 (11), 1109-1112. DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439626.
• Sułkowski, Ł. (2018). Fuzje uczelni. Warszawa: PWN.
• Suutari, V., Brewster, C. (2000). Making their own way: international experience through self-initiated foreign assignments. Journal of World Business, 35 (4), 417-436.
• Szelągowska-Rudzka, K. (2018). Human Resources Management in Higher Education Institutions in Poland. Management, 22 (1), 208-225. DOI: 10.2478/manment-2018-0015.
• Trembath, J. (2016). The professional lives of expatriate academics: construct clarity and implications for expatriate management in higher education. Journal of Global Mobility, 4 (2), 112-130.
• Wit, H., de, Altbach, P. G. (2021). Internationalization in higher education: global trends and recommendations for its future. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 5 (1), 28-46. DOI: 10.1080/23322969.2020.1820898.
• Yemini, M. (2019). International Research Collaborations as Perceived by Top-Performing Scholars. Journal of Studies in International Education, 1-16.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0016.0633