Social Capital and Spread of COVID-19 in Poland - Do Membership, Trust, Norms and Values or Shared Narratives Matter?

• Autorzy: Urszula Markowska-Przybyła , Alicja Grześkowiak
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The experience of the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic can be a source of valuable information for public health authorities. As we have seen, the incidence is not evenly distributed in space, and the factors influencing it are not fully understood. Aspects of biological, demographic, economic, environmental, and political nature are considered, but it is believed that the social factor may be of critical importance. The density and intensity of social relations, general trust and trust in the authorities, norms and values - i.e., social capital - may have a key impact on the scale of infections. The research conducted so far on this subject does not provide clear conclusions, and the post-communist society, inferior in social capital, has hardly been analyzed. Using data for 73 subregions of Poland and performing regression analysis, we investigate how social capital explains the level of infection rate in the first three waves of the epidemic. The analysis results have shown that the factor of "political leaning" was strongly and negatively related to the infection rate in Poland. The research results indicate that, contrary to the previous studies, structural capital has the same positive effect on reducing the epidemic. However, relational social capital promotes more significant morbidity. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Social capital; Trust; Spatial econometrics; Pandemic; COVID-19; Post-communist countries

PL

Kapitał społeczny; Zaufanie; Ekonometria przestrzenna; Pandemia; COVID-19; Kraje postkomunistyczne

• Czasopismo: Economics & Sociology
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: 15
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 168--185

Twórcy

autor

Urszula Markowska-Przybyła

• Wroclaw University of Economics and Business

autor

Alicja Grześkowiak

• Wroclaw University of Economics and Business

Bibliografia

• Aldrich, D. P., and Meyer, M. A. (2015). Social Capital and Community Resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(2), 254-269.
• Aldridge, S., Halpern, D., and Fitzpatrick, S. (2002). Social capital: A discussion paper. Retrieved from http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080521230435/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/seminars/~/media/assets/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/strategy/socialcapital pdf.ashx
• Alfano, V. (2022). Does social capital enforce social distancing? The role of bridging and bonding social capital in the evolution of the pandemic. Economia Politica, 1-21
• Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., and Yang, D. (2020). Polarization and public health: Partisan differences in social distancing during the coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104254.
• Anderson, A. R., and Jack, S. L. (2002). The articulation of social capital in entrepreneurial networks: A glue or a lubricant? Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 14(3), 193-210.
• Anselin, L. (1996). The Moran scatterplot as an ESDA tool to assess local instability in spatial association. In Spatial Analytical Perspectives on GIS. London: Routledge.
• Anselin, L. (2005). Exploring spatial data with GeoDaTM: a workbook. Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science.
• Asri, null, Nuntaboot, K., and Festi Wiliyanarti, P. (2017). Community social capital on fighting dengue fever in suburban Surabaya, Indonesia: A qualitative study. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 4(4), 374-377.
• Bai, J. (Jianqiu), Du, S., Jin, W., and Wan, C. (2020a). The Impact of Social Capital on Individual Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Social Distancing. SSRN Electronic Journal. (June 14, 2020)
• Bargain, O., and Aminjonov, U. (2020). Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19. Journal of Public Economics, 192. 104316.
• Barrios, J. M., Benmelech, E., Hochberg, Y. V., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2020a). Civic capital and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of public economics, 193, 104310.
• Barrios, J. M., Benmelech, E., Hochberg, Y. V., Sapienza, P., Zingales, L., and Jones, Y. V. H. (2020b). Civic Capital and Social Distancing during the Covid-19 Pandemic. SSRN.
• Barrios, J. M., and Hochberg, Y. (2020). Risk Perception Through the Lens of Politics in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In NBER Working Papers (No. 27008). National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Retrieved from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
• Bartkowski, J. (2005). Więź społeczna a aktywność stowarzyszeniowa. In A. Gniewkowska, P. Gliński, and A. Kościański (Eds.), Teorie wspólnotowe a praktyka społeczna. Warszawa: IFiS.
• Bartscher, A. K., Seitz, S., Siegloch, S., Slotwinski, M., Wehrhöfer, N., Bartscher, A. K., Wehrhöfer, N. (2020). Social capital and the spread of Covid-19: Insights from European countries. IZA Dissusion Papaers, 13310.
• Bendor, J., and Swistak, P. (2001). The Evolution of Norms. American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), 1493-1545.
• Biernat, E., Nałęcz, H., Skrok, Ł., and Majcherek, D. (2020). Do Sports Clubs Contribute to the Accumulation of Regional Social Capital? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5257.
• Blair, R. A., Morse, B. S., and Tsai, L. L. (2017). Public health and public trust: Survey evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in Liberia. Social Science & Medicine, 172, 89-97.
• Boguszewski, R. (2016). Potencjał społecznikowski oraz zaangażowanie w pracę społeczną (No. 15/2016). Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
• Borgonovi, F., and Andrieu, E. (2020a). Bowling together by bowling alone: Social capital and COVID-19. Social Science and Medicine, 265. 113501.
• Borgonovi, F., Andrieu, E., and Subramanian, S. V. (2021). The evolution of the association between community level social capital and COVID-19 deaths and hospitalizations in the United States. Social Science and Medicine, 278. 113948.
• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press.
• Bożewicz, M. (2020). Aktywność Polaków w organizacjach obywatelskich (No. 37/2020). Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
• Brayne, C. (2017). Mitigation of disasters through community cohesion. The Lancet Planetary Health, 1(3), e86-e87.
• Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Cairney, P., and Wellstead, A. (2021). COVID-19: Effective policymaking depends on trust in experts, politicians, and the public. Policy Design and Practice, 4(1), 1-14.
• Chamlee-Wright, E., and Storr, V. H. (2011). Social Capital as Collective Narratives and Post-Disaster Community Recovery. The Sociological Review, 59(2), 266-282.
• Chuang, Y.-C., and Chuang, K.-Y. (2008). Gender differences in relationships between social capital and individual smoking and drinking behavior in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine, 67(8), 1321-1330.
• Claridge, T. (2004). Social Capital and Natural Resource Management: An important role for social capital? (PhD Thesis, University of Queensland). University of Queensland, Brisbane. Retrieved from https://www.socialcapitalresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Social-Capital-and-NRM.pdf
• Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, (94), S95-S120.
• Cybulska, A., and Pankowski, K. (2020). Koronasceptycyzm, czyli kto nie wierzy w zagrożenie epidemią (No. 158/2020). Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
• Czapiński, J., and Panek, T. (Series Eds.). (2015). Diagnoza Społeczna 2015. Warunki i jakość życia Polaków. Warszawa: Rada Monitoringu Społecznego.
• Davenport, S., and Daellenbach, U. (2011). 'Belonging' to a Virtual Research Centre: Exploring the Influence of Social Capital Formation Processes on Member Identification in a Virtual Organization. British Journal of Management, 22(1), 54-76. x
• Ding, W., Levine, R., Lin, C., and Xie, W. (2020). Social distancing and social capital: Why U.S. counties response differently to COVID-19. NBER, (27393).
• Dynes, R. (2021). Social Capital: Dealing with Community Emergencies. HOMELAND SECURITY AFFAIRS, XVII.
• Działek, J. (2011). Kapitał społeczny jako czynnik rozwoju gospodarczego w skali regionalnej i lokalnej w Polsce. Cracow: Jagiellonian University Publishing.
• Elgar, F. J., Stefaniak, A., and Wohl, M. J. A. (2020a). The trouble with trust: Time-series analysis of social capital, income inequality, and COVID-19 deaths in 84 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 263, 113365.
• Fotheringham, A. S., and Rogerson, P. (2009). The SAGE handbook of spatial analysis. Los Angeles; London: SAGE Publications.
• Fraser, T., and Aldrich, D. P. (2020). Social Ties, Mobility, and COVID-19 spread in Japan. https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-34517/V1
• Fukuyama, F. (1997). Social Capital and the Modern Capitalist Economy: Creating a High Trust Workplace. Stern Business Magazine, (4).
• Fuller, T., and Tian, Y. (2006). Social and Symbolic Capital and Responsible Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Investigation of SME Narratives. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(3), 287-304.
• Glaeser, E. L. (2001). The formation of social capital. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1), 34-40.
• Gooderham, P. N. (2007). Enhancing knowledge transfer in multinational corporations: A dynamic capabilities driven model. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 5(1), 34-43.
• Gray, P., Kurihara, T., Feldman, J., and Hommen, L. (2007). Networks of exclusion: Job segmentation and social networks in the knowledge economy. Equal Opportunities International, 26(2), 144-161.
• Grootaert, C. (1998). Social capital: The missing link? Social capital initiative (Working Paper No. 3). World Bank.
• GUS - Bank Danych Lokalnych. (2021). Retrieved 3 February 2022, from https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/podgrup/temat
• House, J. S., Landis, K. R., and Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science (New York, N.Y.), 241(4865), 540-545. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3399889
• Janc, K. (2009). Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne kapitału ludzkiego i społecznego w Polsce (Rozprawy Naukowe No. 8). Wrocław: Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocławski.
• Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V., and Kim, D. (2008). Social capital and health. In Social Capital and Health (pp. 1-26). Springer, New York, NY.
• Koh, H. K., and Cadigan, R. O. (2008). Disaster Preparedness and Social Capital. In I. Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, and D. Kim (Eds.), Social Capital and Health (pp. 273-285). New York, NY: Springer.
• Kokubun, K., and Yamakawa, Y. (2021). Social Capital Mediates the Relationship between Social Distancing and COVID-19 Prevalence in Japan. Inquiry (United States), 58. 00469580211005189
• Kravchenko, N. A., and Ivanova, A. I. (2021). Spread of the COVID-19 In Russia: Regional Peculiarities. Regional Research of Russia, 11(4), 428-434.
• Kruk, M. E., Myers, M., Varpilah, S. T., and Dahn, B. T. (2015). What is a resilient health system? Lessons from Ebola. The Lancet, 385(9980), 1910-1912.
• Kuchler, T., Russel, D., and Stroebel, J. (2020). The geographic spread of COVID-19 correlates with the structure of social networks as measured by Facebook. Journal of Urban Economics.
• Lin, N. (2001). Building a network of social capital. In Nan Lin, K. Cook, and R. S. Burt (Eds.), Social Capital. Theory and Research. New York: Aldine Transaction.
• Maj, K., and Skarżyńska, K. (2020). Społeczeństwo wobec epidemii. Raport z badań. Warszawa: Fundacja im. Stefana Batorego. Retrieved from Fundacja im. Stefana Batorego
• Makridis, C., and Wu, C. (2020). Ties that Bind (and Social Distance): How Social Capital Helps Communities Weather the COVID-19 Pandemic. SSRN Electronic Journal.
• Mazey, S., and Richardson, J. (2020). Lesson-Drawing from New Zealand and Covid-19: The Need for Anticipatory Policy Making. The Political Quarterly, 91(3), 561-570.
• Moran, P. A. (1950). Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika, 37(1-2), 17-23.
• Murayama, H., Nakamoto, I., and Tabuchi, T. (2021). Social capital and covid-19 deaths: An ecological analysis in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20). 10982.
• Nahapiet, J., and Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266.
• Omyła-Rudzka, M. (2020). Zaufanie społeczne (No. 43/2020). Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
• Omyła-Rudzka, M. (2021). Opinie na temat szczepień przeciw COVID-19 i ocena polityki rządu (No. 104/2021). Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
• Perks, T. (2007). Does Sport Foster Social Capital? The Contribution of Sport to a Lifestyle of Community Participation. Sociology of Sport Journal, 24(4), 378-401.
• Pitas, N., and Ehmer, C. (2020). Social Capital in the Response to COVID-19. American Journal of Health Promotion, 34(8), 942-944.
• Plant, R. E. (2018). Spatial Data Analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Using R (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
• Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 1-24.
• Pretty, J. (2003). Social capital and the collective management of resources. Science, 302(5652), 1912-1914.
• Prichard, E. C., and Christman, S. D. (2020). Authoritarianism, Conspiracy Beliefs, Gender and COVID-19: Links Between Individual Differences and Concern About COVID-19, Mask Wearing Behaviors, and the Tendency to Blame China for the Virus. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. 597671.
• Putnam, R. D. (2001). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
• Putnam, R. D., Leonardi, R., and Nanetti, R. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Rogalski, M. (2021). COVID-19 w powiatach. Retrieved 3 February 2022, from Google Docs website: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Tv6jKMUYdK6ws6SxxAsHVxZbglZfisC8x_HZ1jacmBM/edit?usp=embed_facebook
• Spellerberg, A. (2001). Framework for the measurement of social capital in New Zealand / prepared by Anne Spellerberg ; assisted by the Social Capital Programme team. Wellington, N.Z: Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/aboutsnz.nsf/htmldocs/Papers
• Stillman, S., and Tonin, M. (2022). Communities and testing for COVID-19. European Journal of Health Economics. Scopus.
• Subramaniam, N., Stewart, J., Ng, C., and Shulman, A. (2013). Understanding corporate governance in the Australian public sector: A social capital approach. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(6). 946-977.
• Sztompka, P. (2007). Zaufanie: Fundament społeczeństwa. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Znak.
• Tarnowski, P. (2021). Powiaty [Database]. Retrieved 3 February 2022, from KORONAWIRUS POLSKA - WYKRESY MAPA STATYSTYKI https://epidemia-koronawirus.pl/powiaty-w-polsce-zarazenia-koronawirus/
• Trapido, J. (2019). Ebola: Public trust, intermediaries, and rumour in the DR Congo. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19(5), 457-458.
• Umańska, E. (2021). Czy oswoiliśmy epidemię? (No. 90/2021). Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej.
• Varshney, L. R., Socher, R., and Research, S. (2020). COVID-19 Growth Rate Decreases with Social Capital. MedRxiv, 2020.04.23.20077321-2020.04.23.20077321.
• Westlund, H., and Calidoni-Lundberg, F. (2007). The Creative Class and Social Capital: Civil Society, Regional Development and High-tech Industry in Japan (Working Paper No. 112). CESIS.
• Woolcock, M. (1998). Social capital and economic development: Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework. Theory and Society, 27(2), 151-208.
• Wu, C, Wilkes, R., Fairbrother, M., and Giordano, G. (2020). Social Capital, Trust, and State Coronavirus Testing. Contexts.
• Wu, Cary. (2021). Social capital and COVID-19: A multidimensional and multilevel approach. Chinese Sociological Review, 53(1), 27-54.
• Wybory Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w 2020 r. (2020). Retrieved 3 February 2022, from https://prezydent20200628.pkw.gov.pl/prezydent20200628/
• Yanagisawa, M., Kawachi, I., Scannell, C. A., Oronce, C. I. A., and Tsugawa, Y. (2021). Association between county-level social capital and the burden of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States. Annals of Epidemiology, 59, 21-21.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.14254/2071-789X.2022/15-4/8