Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The collapse of the USSR significantly affected the economic and political situation of all the republics which gained sovereignty as a result. Among them were countries such as Estonia and Kazakhstan. This article considers whether these countries have coped with the new political conditions. Using known economic indicators, a comparison was made of the economic and financial situation of both countries, pointing to the potential causes of diversification of their socio-economic development. Currently, Estonia is considered the most developed country of the 15 former members of the USSR, and Kazakhstan is in 5th place. The research carried out in this paper shows that the current economy of Kazakhstan is clearly moving away from that Estonia needs radical measures to achieve economic acceleration. The authors, analyzing the strategic activity of Estonia and Kazakhstan and the independence of financial management, concluded that these have had a significant impact on the current state of economic and financial development of the countries in question. (original abstract)
Twórcy
autor
- Wroclaw University of Economics, Poland
autor
- University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Poland
Bibliografia
- Abrams, N.A., & Fish, M.S. (2015). Policies First, Institutions Second: Lessons from Estonia 's Economic Reforms. PostSoviet Affairs, 31(6), 491-513.
- Agrawal, P. (2007). Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Asian Development Review, 24(2), 90-115.
- Artige, L. (2000). Transition report 2000: Employment, skills and transition. Transition report. London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
- Birch, S. (2003). Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-communist Europe. Springer: Basingstoke.
- Coulibaly, S. (2012). Rethinking the Form and Function of Cities in Post-Soviet Countries. The World Bank: Washington D.C.
- Ceriani, L., & Verme, P. (2012). The Origins of the Gini Index: Extracts from Variabilità e Mutabilità (1912) by Corrado Gini. The Journal of Economic Inequality, 10(3), 421-443.
- Domańska, A. & Zajkowski, R. (2018). Influence of State Participation on Business Conditions and Etrepreneurship in the EU Countries of the Former Eastern Bloc. Financial Internet Quarterly "e-Finanse" 2018, vol. 14(2), 9-17. DOI: 10.2478/fiqf-2018-000.
- Falkingham, J. (2005). The End of the Rollercoaster? Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Social Policy & Administration, 39(4), 340-360.
- Ferraro Jr, V. G. (2021). Democratization in Post-Socialist States: An Overview of the Literature on Political Transition in Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space [in:] A. Segrillo (ed.), Russia and Russians In Different Contexts. Sao Paulo: Universidade de Sao Paulo, 115-139.
- Gillies, J., Leimann, J., & Peterson, R. (2002). Making a Successful Transition From a Command to a Market Economy: The Lessons from Estonia. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 10(3), 175-186.
- Ferraro Jr, Vicente G. (2021). Democratization in Post-Socialist States: An Overview of the Literature on Political Transition in Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet Space. Russia and Russians In Different Contexts 4(2021), 115-134.
- Gillies, J., Leimann, J., & Peterson, R. (2002). Making a Successful Transition From a Command to a Market Economy: The Lessons from Estonia. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 10(3), 175-186.
- Graham, J.P., & Spaulding, R.B. (2005). Understanding Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). As Contributors to Bizzed International Gateway for CITIBANK, http://www.going-global.com/jpgconsulting/services.htm. (Accessed 2022.05.01).
- Grimalda, G., Barlow, D., & Meschi, E. (2010). Varieties of Capitalisms and Varieties of Performances: Accounting for Inequality in Post-Soviet Union Transition Economies. International Review of Applied Economics, 24(3), 379-403.
- Kattel, R., & Mergel, I. (2019). Estonia's Digital Transformation: Mission Mystique and the Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Kapparov, K. (2016). Invisible Public Debt: The Case of Kazakhstan. Central Asia Program, 171(3), 1 -18.
- Li, K.W. (2017). Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development. London: Academic Press.
- Lumiste, R., Pefferly, R., & Purju, A. (2008). Estonia's Economic Development: Trends, Practices, and Sources; a Case Study. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank: Washington DC.
- Matcharashvili, M. (2021). Transformation of Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Economy First, Politics Later. Free University Journal of Asian Studies, 3(2021). Retrieved from https://journals.org.ge/index.php/asianstudies/article/view/86. (Accessed 2022.05.01).
- Mussagulova, A. (2021). Newly Independent, Path Dependent: The Impact of the Soviet Past on Innovation in Post -Soviet States. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration 43(2), 87-105.
- Paladi, I. & Fenies, P. (2016). Performance Management in Central and Eastern European Countries: A Literature Review. Performance Measurement and Management Control: Contemporary Issues. Studies in Managerial and Financial Accounting, 31(2), 215-271. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-351220160000031008 (Accessed 2022.05.01).
- Papava, V. (2005). On the Theory of Post-Communist Economic Transition to Market. International Journal of Social Economics, 32(1/2), 81-86.
- Pomfret, R. (2014). The Economies of Central Asia. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Roland, G. (2002). The Political Economy of Transition. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(1), 29 -47.
- Staehr, K. (2015). Exchange Rate Policies in the Baltic States: From Extreme Inflation to Euro Membership. CESifo Forum, 16(4), 10-20.
- Stöcker, L.F. (2016). Paths of Economic "Westernization" in the Late Soviet Union: Estonian Market Pioneers and Their Nordic Partners [Majanduse integreerimine Läände: Eesti turumajanduse käivitajad ja nende Pöhjamaade partnerid Nöukogude Liidu löpuaastatel]. Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, 3(3/4), 447-476.
- Szymańska, A. (2021). Economic Performance in Post-soviet and Post-communist Countries-Evidence from Panel Data and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. The South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 16(2), 1-16.
- Waikar, A., Jepbarova, L., Lee, S., Gardner, L., & Johnson, J. (2011). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Kazakhstan's Economy: A Boon or a Curse. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(22), 92-98.
- World Bank, Macrotrends database, www.macrotrends.net. (Accessed 2022.05.01).
- Worldbank,https://data.worldbank.orgindicatorBX.KLT.DINV.WD.GD.ZS?end=2020&locations=EE -KZ&start=1992&view=chart. (Accessed 2022.05.01).
- Zakirova, M. S., Belgibaeva, A.S., & Ashimova, I. D. (2019). Unemployment Among Young People in Kazakhstan. Series of Social Science and Humanities, 4(326), 147-152.
- https://www.bundesbank.de/en/statistics/public-finances/maastricht-deficit-and-debt-level/maastricht-deficit-and-debt-level-793140
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171660016