COVID-19, Domestic Tourism and Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Zimbabwe

• Autorzy: Ngoni Courage Shereni , Regis Musavengane , Erisher Woyo

Warianty tytułu

COVID-19, turystyka krajowa i systemy wiedzy tubylczej w Zimbabwe

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study aims to determine the role of indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in rejuvenat-ing domestic tourism in the context of suppressed international tourism demand. The current study is premised on the thinking that COVID-19 has changed the way countries do tourism and domestic tourism is now recognised for its ability to help the recovery of the tourism industry post-COVID-19. The infusion of IKS in tourism strategies is seen as important in encouraging locals to visit destina-tions within their countries. The study is based on a review of the literature on the nexus between indigenous knowledge systems, domestic tourism and COVID-19. The study contributes to the exist-ing literature on domestic tourism by suggesting possible solutions to the industry based on IKS. In light of recent COVID-19 events in the tourism industry at large, it is becoming extremely difficult to ignore the importance of domestic markets.(original abstract)

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu określenie roli systemów wiedzy tubylczej w ożywieniu turystyki krajowej w kontekście osłabionego popytu na turystykę międzynarodową. Autorzy wychodzą z założenia, że pandemia COVID-19 zmieniła charakterystykę ruchu turystycznego w poszczególnych krajach, czego przejawem jest rosnąca rola turystyki krajowej we względu na jej potencjał do odbudowy branży turystycznej po pandemii. Włączenie systemów wiedzy tubylczej do strategii turystycznych jest postrzegane jako ważny element zachęcania mieszkańców do odwiedzania krajowych destynacji turystycznych. Badanie opiera się na analizie dokumentacji dotyczącej powiązań między systemami wiedzy tubylczej, turystyką krajową a pandemią COVID-19. Badanie stanowi wkład do literatury na temat turystyki krajowej i przedstawia możliwe rozwiązania dla branży w oparciu o systemy wiedzy tubylczej. W świetle ostatnich wydarzeń związanych z COVID-19 w całej branży turystycznej znaczenie rynków krajowych staje się szczególnie istotne.(abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

COVID-19; Tourism; Domestic tourism; Pandemic; International tourism

PL

COVID-19; Turystyka; Turystyka krajowa; Pandemia; Turystyka międzynarodowa

• Czasopismo: Studia Periegetica
• Rocznik: 2023
• Numer: nr 1(41)
• Strony: 7

Twórcy

autor

Ngoni Courage Shereni

• University of Johannesburg, South Africa

autor

Regis Musavengane

• Vaal University of Technology, South Africa

autor

Erisher Woyo

• Manchester Metropolitan University

Bibliografia

• Andersson, J.A. (2002). 'Administrators' knowledge and state control in colonial Zimbabwe: The invention of the rural-urban divide in Buhera district, 1912-80. Journal of African History, 43(1), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853702007971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853702007971
• Arbulú, I., Razumova, M., Rey-Maquieira, J., & Sastre, F. (2021). Can domestic tourism relieve the COVID-19 tourist industry crisis? The case of Spain. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100568
• Arrington, A.L. (2010). Competing for tourists at Victoria Falls: A historical consideration of the effects of government involvement. Development Southern Africa, 27(5), 773-787. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522838 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2010.522838
• Bama, H.K.N., & Nyikana, S. (2021). The Effects of COVID-19 on Future Domestic Travel Intentions in South Africa: A Stakeholder Perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1), 179-193. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-94 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-94
• Barnhardt, R., & Kawagley, A.O. (2005). Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Alaska Native Ways of Knowing. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 36(1), 8-23. https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2005.36.1.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.2005.36.1.008
• Bondzi-Simpson, A., & Ayeh, J.K. (2017). Serving indigenous dishes in hotels: An inquiry into the conative response of menu decision makers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 67, 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.08.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.08.010
• Breidlid, A. (2009). Culture, indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable development: A critical view of education in an African context, International Journal of Educational Development, 29, 140-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2008.09.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2008.09.009
• Carr, A. (2020). COVID-19, Indigenous people and tourism: A view from New Zealand. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1768433
• Chambers, D., & Buzinde, C. (2015). Tourism and decolonisation: Locating research and self. Annals of Tourism Research, 51, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.12.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.12.002
• Cheer, J.M., Hall, C.M., & Saarinen, J. (2021, January 15). Will vaccines bring travel back to normal after COVID-19?. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/01/covid-19-vaccines-may-soon-allow-take-off-again-will-future-international-travel-return-to-normal/ (2021.02.17).
• Chibaya, T. (2013). From "Zimbabwe Africa's paradise to Zimbabwe a world of wonders": Benefits and challenges of rebranding Zimbabwe as a tourist destination. Developing Country Studies, 3(5), 84-92.
• Coulthard, G. (2014). Red skin, white masks. UBC Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816679645.001.0001
• Dieke, P.U.C. (2003). Tourism in Africa's economic development: policy implications. Management Decision, 41(3), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310469468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310469468
• de Beer, M.A., van Zyl, C., & Rogerson, C.M. (2022). Storytelling for Destination Development: Towards an African. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 11(4), 1491-1501. https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720.304
• Dube, E., & Munsaka, E. (2018). The contribution of indigenous knowledge to disaster risk reduction activities in Zimbabwe: A big call to practitioners. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 10(1), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.493
• Eijgelaar, E., Peeters, P., & Piket, P. (2008). Domestic and international tourism in a globalised world. Paper presented at the International Conference of International Tourism, International Sociological Association, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
• Everingham, P., & Chassagne, N. (2020). Post COVID-19 ecological and social reset: Moving away from capitalist growth models towards tourism as Buen Vivir. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762119 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762119
• Galvani, A., Lew, A.A., & Perez, M.S. (2020). COVID-19 is expanding global consciousness and the sustainability of travel and tourism. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760924
• Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C.M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
• Grimwood, B.S., & Johnson, C.W. (2021). Collective memory work as an unsettling methodology in tourism. Tourism Geographies, 23(1-2), 11-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1619823 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1619823
• Grimwood, B.S., Stinson, M.J., & King, L.J. (2019). A decolonizing settler story. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102763
• Grimwood, B.S.R., Muldoon, M., & Stevens, Z.M. (2019). Indigenous cultures and settler stories within the tourism promotional landscape of Ontario, Canada. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 14(3), 233-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2018.1527845
• Haider, N., Osman, A.Y., Gadzekpo, A., Akipede, G.O., Asogun, D., Ansumana, R., ... McCoy, D. (2020). Lockdown measures in response to COVID-19 in nine sub-Saharan African countries. BMJ Global Health, 5(10), 1-10. https://doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003319
• Hutchison, B., Movono, A., & Scheyvens, R. (2021). Resetting tourism post-COVID-19: why Indigenous Peoples must be central to the conversation. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 261-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1905343 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1905343
• Ivanova, M., Ivanov, I.K., & Ivanov, S. (2020). Travel behaviour after the pandemic: the case of Bulgaria. Anatolia, 32(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1818267
• Kabote, F., Mamimine, P.W., & Muranda, Z. (2017). Domestic tourism for sustainable development in developing countries. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(2), 1-12.
• Kabote, F., Mashiri, B., & Vengesayi, S. (2014). Pricing and domestic tourism performance in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 3(2), 1-12.
• Kanokanga, P.F. (2019). The draft national tourism strategy in the context of destination image recovery in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(3), 1-17.
• Kupika, O.L., Gandiwa, E., Nhamo, G., & Kativu, S. (2019). Local ecological knowledge on climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation strategies promote resilience in the Middle Zambezi Biosphere Reserve, Zimbabwe. Scientifica, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3069254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3069254
• Mackey, E. (2015). Unsettled expectations: Uncertainty, land and settler decolonization. Fernwood Publishing.
• Makoni, L., & Tichaawa, T.M. (2017). Residents' perceptions and attitudes towards urban tourism product offerings in Harare, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(4), 1-15.
• Mamimine, P.W., & Madzikatire, E. (2015). Tourism and the Social Construction of Otherness through Traditional Music and Dance in Zimbabwe. In H. Manwa, N. Moswete, & J. Saarinen (Eds.), Cultural Tourism in Southern Africa (pp. 121-131). Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845415532-014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845415532-014
• Manwa, H.A. (2007). Is Zimbabwe ready to venture into the cultural tourism market? Development Southern Africa, 24(3), 465-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350701445558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350701445558
• Manwa, H., & Mmereki, R. (2008). Potential for domestic tourism: a study of the University of Botswana students travel motivation. Botswana Notes and Records, 39, 35-42.
• Mapara, J. (2009). Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Zimbabwe: Juxtaposing postcolonial theory. Journal of Pan African Studies, 3(1), 139-155.
• Mapfumo, P., Mtambanengwe, F., & Chikowo, R. (2016). Building on indigenous knowledge to strengthen the capacity of smallholder farming communities to adapt to climate change and variability in southern Africa. Climate and Development, 8(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2014.998604 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2014.998604
• Mapingure, C., du Plessis, E., & Saayman, M. (2019). Travel motivations of domestic tourists: The case of Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(2), 1-11.
• Mapira, J., & Mazambara, P. (2013). Indigenous Knowledge Systems and their implications for sustainable development in Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15(5), 90-106.
• Maunganidze, L. (2016). A moral compass that slipped: Indigenous knowledge systems and rural development in Zimbabwe. Cogent Social Sciences, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2016.1266749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2016.1266749
• Mavhura, E., Manyena, S.B., Collins, A.E., & Manatsa, D. (2013). Indigenous knowledge, coping strategies and resilience to floods in Muzarabani, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 5, 38-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2013.07.001
• Mawere, M. (2010). 'Indigenous Knowledge Systems' (IKS) potential for establishing a moral, virtuous society: Lessons from selected IKSs in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12(2), 47-60.
• McGregor, J. (2003). The Victoria Falls 1900-1940: Landscape, tourism and the geographical imagination. Journal of Southern African Studies, 29(3), 717-737. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305707032000094992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0305707032000094992
• MECTHI. (2020). National tourism recovery and growth strategy. Ministry of Environment, Climate, Tourism and Hospitality Industry.
• Molyneux, A.J.C. (1905). The physical history of the Victoria Falls. The Geographical Journal, 25(1), 40-55. https://doi.org/10.2307/1775980 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1775980
• Monaheng, T. (2015). Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in the development of cultural tourism in Lesotho. In H. Manwa, N. Moswete, & J. Saarinen (Eds.), Cultural Tourism in Southern Africa (pp. 31-46). Channel View Publications. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845415532-008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845415532-008
• Muchapondwa, E., & Pimhidzai, O. (2011). Modelling international tourism demand for Zimbabwe, Journal of Business, 2(2), 71-81.
• Mugambiwa, S. (2018). Adaptation measures to sustain indigenous practices and the use of indigenous knowledge systems to adapt to climate change in Mutoko rural district of Zimbabwe. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 10(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.388
• Musavengane, R. (2019). Understanding tourism consciousness through habitus: perspectives of 'poor' black South Africans. Critical African Studies, 11(3), 322-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2019.1670702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21681392.2019.1670702
• Musavengane, R., & Siakwah, P. (2020). Challenging formal accountability processes in community natural resource management in Sub-Saharan Africa. GeoJournal, 85, 1573-1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10040-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-019-10040-2
• Musavengane, R., Leonard, L., & Mureyani, S. (2022). Doing tourism in Southern Africa amid the coronavirus pandemic: Navigating political, socio-economic and environmental inequalities. Development Southern Africa, 39(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1829459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1829459
• Musavengane, R., Woyo, E., & Ndlovu, A.O. (2022). COVID-19 and game park employees' livelihoods in a distressed destination. Anatolia, 33(4), 627-640, https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2021.1985543 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2021.1985543
• Mzobe, S.C., Makoni L., & Nyikana, S. (2022). Unlocking the potential of domestic tourism in uncertain times: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. Studia Periegetica, 2(38), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0570
• Mutsena, C., & Kabote, F. (2015). Zimbabwe policy environment and domestic tourism performance. International Journal of Safety and Security in Tourism and Hospitality, 1(13), 1-13.
• Muyambo, T. (2019). Indigenous knowledge systems: A haven for sustainable economic development in Zimbabwe. Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 10(3), 172-186.
• Ndumeya, N. (2019). Nature, conservation and conflict in eastern Zimbabwe: Chirinda forest, 1980--2000. Journal of Southern African Studies, 45(2), 253-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2019.1601867 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2019.1601867
• Neuman, W.L. (2011). Social Research Methods. Allyn and Bacon.
• Ngara, R., & Mangizvo, R.V. (2013). Indigenous Knowledge Systems and the conservation of natural resources in the Shangwe community in Gokwe district, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(1), 20-28.
• Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2021). Religious engagements with tropical cyclone Idai and implications for building back better. In Cyclones in Southern Africa (pp. 205-219). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72393-4_12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72393-4_12
• Nyabunze, A., & Siavhundu, T. (2020). Economic Impact of COVID-19 Induced lockdown in Zimbabwe. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(5), 2704-4777. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72393-4_12
• Onwu, G., & Mogege M. (2004). Indigenous knowledge systems and science and technology education: A dialogue. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 8(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/10288457.2004.10740556 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10288457.2004.10740556
• Picard, D., & Di Giovine, M.A. (Eds.). (2014). Tourism and the power of otherness: Seductions of difference, 34. Channel View Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845414177
• Prasetyo, N., Filep, S., & Carr, A. (2021). Towards culturally sustainable scuba diving tourism: an integration of Indigenous knowledge. Tourism Recreation Research, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1925830 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1925830
• Regan, P. (2010). Unsettling the settler within: Indian residential schools, truth telling, and reconciliation in Canada. UBC Press.
• Rogerson, C.M. (2015). Restructuring the geography of domestic tourism in South Africa. In D. Szymańska, & S. Środa-Murawska (Eds.), Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series (pp. 119-135). Nicolaus Copernicus University. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0029
• Rogerson, C.M., & Baum, T. (2020). COVID-19 and African tourism research agendas COVID-19 and African tourism research agendas. Development Southern Africa, 37(5), 727-741. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818551 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2020.1818551
• Rogerson, C.M., & Rogerson, J.M. (2020). COVID-19 tourism impacts in South Africa: government and industry responses. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 31(3), 1083-1091. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.31321-544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.31321-544
• Rogerson, C.M., & Rogerson, J.M. (2022). The first round impacts of COVID-19 for rural tourism in South Africa. Studia Periegetica, 1(37), 63-86. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8579 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8579
• Rusinga, O., & Maposa, R. (2010). "Traditional religion and natural resources": A reflection on the significance of indigenous knowledge systems on the utilisation of natural resources among the Ndau People in South-eastern Zimbabwe. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 2(9), 201-206.
• Saarinen, J. (2015). Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in the Development of Cultural Tourism in Lesotho. In H. Manwa, N. Moswete, & J. Saarinen (Eds.), Cultural Tourism in Southern Africa. Channel View Publications.
• Schellhorn, M. (2010). Development for whom? Social justice and the business of ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903367229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903367229
• Sibanda, N., & Tshuma, M. (2020, 1 November). Govt scraps VAT on all tourism products, services... as new domestic tourism campaign is unveiled. Sunday News. https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/govt-scraps-vat-on-all-tourism-products-services-as-new-domestic-tourism-campaignis-unveiled/ (2021.02.22).
• Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: Impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
• Sinamai, A. (2017). Myths as metaphors: understanding narratives in sustaining sacred landscapes in Zimbabwe and Australia. In M. Manyanga, & S. Chirikure (Eds.), Archives, Objects, Places and Landscapes: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Decolonised Zimbabwean Pasts (p. 399-419). Langaa Research & Publishing CIG. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh9vz54.23
• Stinson, M.J., Grimwood, B.S., & Caton, K. (2021). Becoming common plantain: Metaphor, settler responsibility, and decolonizing tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2-3), 234-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1734605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1734605
• Tanyanyiwa V.I., & Chikwanha M. (2011). The role of indigenous knowledge systems in the management of forest resources in Mugabe area, Masvingo, Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 3, 132-149.
• Tribe, J., & Liburd, J.J. (2016). The tourism knowledge system. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 44-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.11.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.11.011
• UNWTO. (2020). Global Guidelines to Restart Tourism. United Nations World Tourism Organisation.
• UNWTO. (2023). International tourism and COVID-19. United Nations World Tourism Organisation. https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/international-tourism and-covid-19 (2023.02.17).
• Walter, P. (2009). Local knowledge and adult learning in environmental adult education: Community-based ecotourism in southern Thailand. International Journal of lifelong education, 28(4), 513-532. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370903031363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370903031363
• Warren, D.M. (1991). Using Indigenous Knowledge in Agricultural Development. World Bank Discussion Paper 127. The World Bank.
• Woyo, E. (2021). The Sustainability of Using Domestic Tourism as a Post-COVID-19 Recovery Strategy in a Distressed Destination. In W. Wörndl, C. Koo, & J.L. Stienmetz (Eds.), Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021 (pp. 476-489). Springer International Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_46
• Woyo, E., & Nyamandi, C. (2021). Application of virtual reality technologies in the comrades' marathon as a response to COVID-19 pandemic. Development Southern Africa, 39(1), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1911788 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2021.1911788
• Woyo, E., & Slabbert, E. (2019). Cross-border destination marketing of attractions between borders: the case of Victoria Falls. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 2(2), 145-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2018-0073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2018-0073
• Woyo, E., & Slabbert E. (2020). Unpacking the motivations, satisfaction and loyalty of tourists travelling to a distressed destination. Anatolia, 31(4), 536-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1794919 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2020.1794919
• Woyo, E., & Slabbert, E. (2021). Tourism destination competitiveness: A view from suppliers operating in a country with political challenges. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 24(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3717
• Woyo, E., & Woyo, E. (2019). Towards the development of cultural tourism as an alternative for tourism growth in Northern Zimbabwe. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 9(1), 74-92. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-08-2016-0048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-08-2016-0048
• Zhou, Z. (2016). Post 2010 evaluation of Zimbabwe as a preferred tourist destination. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(1), 1-15.
• ZimStats. (2018). Zimbabwe Domestic and Outbound Tourism Survey. Harare. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency.
• ZTA. (2019). Tourism Trends and Statistics Report. Zimbabwe Tourism Authority.
• ZTA. (2021). Tourism Trends and Statistics Report. Zimbabwe Tourism Authority.
• ZTA. (2023). ZIMBHO. Zimbabwe Tourism Authority. https://zimbabwetourism.net/zimbho/(2023.02.17).

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.58683/sp.501