Contesting Marital Presumption of Paternity - Biological Father's Legal Position. Comparative Overview in Albania and the Western Balkan Countries

• Autorzy: Juelda Lamçe , Renata Kau

Warianty tytułu

Zaprzeczenie domniemania pochodzenia dziecka od męża matki - pozycja prawna ojca biologicznego. Analiza prawno-porównawcza na przykładzie Albanii i państw Zachodnich Bałkanów

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This scientific article is focused on the possibility for the biological father to challenge the marital presumption of paternity. Academic studies show that there is an enlargement of legal actions towards the establishment of biological evidence and that non-marital parents have enforceable legal rights. In the Albanian legislation (and in some others as well), there is a different treatment reserved for children born within and out of wedlock. While the biological father is entitled to contest the paternity of a child born out of wedlock, he is not when it comes to children born within wedlock. Thus, the aim of the research is to critically analyse the Albanian legislation on presumed paternity contestation, focusing on the legal position of the biological father of the child. It takes into consideration relevant doctrine, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, and comparative legislation in the Western Balkan countries. The main thesis of this paper is that, when contesting the marital presumption of paternity, a fair balancing of competing rights and interests at stake is not reached if the biological father is excluded from the category of persons entitled to contest the presumed paternity. (original abstract)

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy możliwości zaprzeczenia ojcostwa wynikającego z domniemania pochodzenia dziecka od męża matki. Badania wskazują na wzrost liczby wniosków o powołanie dowodów biologicznych na posiadanie praw, które mogą być dochodzone przez rodziców niepozostających w małżeństwie. W przepisach prawa albańskiego (oraz prawa niektórych innych państw) dzieci urodzone w małżeństwie i poza małżeństwem są traktowane w różny sposób. O ile ojciec biologiczny ma prawo do zaprzeczenia ojcostwa dziecka pozamałżeńskiego, o tyle nie ma takiego prawa w przypadku dziecka urodzonego w małżeństwie. Celem opracowania jest krytyczna analiza prawa albańskiego w przedmiocie kwestionowania domniemanego ojcostwa, koncentrując się na pozycji prawnej biologicznego ojca dziecka. Autorzy analizują wypowiedzi doktryny, orzecznictwo Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka i porównawczo systemy prawne państw Zachodnich Bałkanów. Główną tezą artykułu jest twierdzenie, że przy zaprzeczaniu ojcostwa wynikającego z domniemania nie dochodzi do sprawiedliwego wyważenia konkurencyjnych praw i interesów, jeżeli ojciec biologiczny jest wyłączony z kręgu osób uprawnionych do podważenia domniemanego ojcostwa. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Fatherhood; Children; European Court of Human Rights Judgements

PL

Ojcostwo; Dzieci; Orzecznictwo Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

• Czasopismo: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Rocznik: 2023
• Numer: Vol. 32, nr 2
• Strony: 173--188

Twórcy

autor

Juelda Lamçe

• European University of Tirana, Albania

autor

Renata Kau

• European University of Tirana, Albania

Bibliografia

• Browne-Barbour V., "Mama's Baby, Papa's Maybe": Disestablishment of Paternity, "Akron Law Review" 2015, vol. 48(2).
• Buechler A., Keller H., Family Forms and Parenthood: Theory and Practice of Article 8 ECHR in Europe, Cambridge-Antwerp-Portland 2016.
• Kristi J., Tanel K., European Dilemmas of the Biological versus Social Father: The Case of Estonia, "Baltic Journal of Law and Politics" 2016, vol. 9(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2016-0010.
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• MISCELLANEOUS
• Council of Europe, Legal Problems Relating to Parentage - Proceedings, 27th Colloquy on European Law Foundation for International Studies, Valletta (Malta), 15-17.9.1997, Strasbourg 1999.
• ONLINE SOURCES
• Benanti C., La Corte EDU riconosce il diritto del padre biologico del minore a contestare il riconoscimento di paternità effettuato da un altro uomo, 2020, https://www.rivistafamilia.it/2020/11/03/la-corte-edu-riconosce-diritto-del-padre-biologico-del-minore-contestare-riconoscimento-paternita-effettuato-un-altro-uomo (access: 8.9.2022).
• ECOVIS, Legal Aspects of Denial of Paternity, https://www.ecovislegal.cz/en/czech-legal-news/family-law-and-divorce/legal-aspects-of-denial-of-paternity (access: 1.9.2022).
• European Court of Human Rights, Guide on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights: Right to Respect for Private and Family Life, Home and Correspondence, updated on 31 August 2022, https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/guide_art_8_eng.pdf (access: 15.10.2022).
• European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and Council of Europe, Handbook on European Law Relating to the Rights of the Child, 2015, https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2015/handbook-european-law-relating-rights-child (access: 18.10.2022).
• Ignovska E., Marital Presumption as a Legal Obstacle for Gaining Legal Status of Children Lost in Administrative and Judicial Labyrinths in North Macedonia and in the European Court of Human Rights' Case-Law, 2021, https://repository.ukim.mk/bitstream/20.500.12188/20742/1/Marital%20presumtion....pdf (access: 19.11.2022).
• Vanguard, Nigeria has the 2nd highest rate of paternity fraud in the world after Jamaica, 10.1.2021, https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/nigeria-ranks-2nd-highest-in-paternity-fraud-in-the-world (access: 8.9.2022).
• LEGAL ACTS
• Albanian Family Code, Law No. 9062/2003 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Albania No. 49, 20.6.2003, as amended).
• European Convention on Human Rights, as amended by Protocols Nos. 11, 14 and 15 supplemented by Protocols Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 and 16.
• Family Law of Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Brcko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 23/2007, as amended).
• Family Law of Kosovo, Law No. 2004/32 (Official Gazette of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government Kosovo/Prishtina: Year I, No. 4/01, September 2006).
• Family Law of Montenegro (Official Gazette of the Republic of Montenegro No. 001, 9.1.2007; No. 053/16, 11.8.2016).
• Family Law of Republika Srpska (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska 54/2002, 41/2008, 63/2014, 56/2019, as amended).
• Family Law of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette 35/2005, 41/2005, 31/2014, as amended).
• Serbian Family Act (Official Gazette of RS, No. 18/2005, as amended).
• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child - General Comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (Article 3 para. 1), CRC/C/GC/14.
• CASE LAW
• Decision No. 86 of the Albanian High Court of 16 March 2016.
• Decision No. 66 of the First Instance Court of Krujë of 5 May 2022.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 13 June 1979, Marckx v Belgium, application no. 6833/74.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 28 November 1984, Rasmussen v Denmark, application no. 8777/79.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 27 October 1994, Kroon and others v Netherlands, application no. 18535/91.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 7 February 2002, Mikulić v Croatia, application no. 53176/99.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 24 November 2005, Shofman v Russia, application no. 74826/01.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 12 January 2006, Mizzi v Malta, application no. 26111/02.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 10 January 2007, Paulik v Slovakia, application no. 10699/2005.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 21 March 2011, Chavdarov v Bulgarie, application no. 3465/03.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 26 June 2014, Mennesson v France, application no. 65192/11.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 29 January 2019, Mifsud v Malta, application no. 62257/15.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 16 June 2020, Boljević v Serbia, application no. 47443/14.
• Judgment of the ECtHR of 13 January 2021, Koychev v Bulgarie, application no. 32495/15.
• Order of 9 April 2003 of the German Federal Constitutional Court, 1 BvR 1493/96.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17951/sil.2023.32.2.173-188