Transnational Aspects of Punitive Memory Laws Evidence from Germany, Poland, and Israel

• Autorzy: Teresa Gardocka , Dariusz Jagiełło , Klaus Bachmann

Warianty tytułu

Transgraniczne aspekty prawnokarnej ochrony pamięci narodowej na przykładach Niemiec, Polski i Izraela

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The authors discuss the legal aspects (with specific attention to the criminal law aspects) of legal acts of remembrance in selected countries, related to the collective memory of Poles. In particular, the following issues are analysed: the effectiveness of legal interference in collective memory; the judicial practice (civil and criminal judgments) concerning the remembrance of the Holocaust in Poland; the relation of the protection of the reputation of a State (e.g., Poland), a Nation or certain individuals to the freedom of scientific research guaranteed by the international and constitutional law and international aspect of criminal responsibility in case of the crime committed abroad (double criminality). The way the law concerning national memory is applied in practice in the Polish legal order is subject to detailed analysis. Investigating the legal proceedings concerned with memory indicates that applying these laws constitutes a limitation of constitutionally guaranteed freedom of scientific investigation. (original abstract)

Autorzy rozważają aspekty prawne (szczególnie z zakresu prawa karnego) ustaw odnoszących się do pamięci (zbiorowej, narodowej) w wybranych krajach, mających związek ze zbiorową pamięcią Polaków. W szczególności przedmiotem analizy są kwestie: skuteczności ingerencji w pamięć zbiorową środkami prawnymi; praktyka sądowa w zakresie spraw cywilnych i karnych dotyczących pamięci Holokaustu w Polsce; relacji między ochroną interesu Państwa (np. Polski), Narodu lub pamięci poszczególnych osób a gwarantowaną w prawie międzynarodowym i konstytucyjnym wolnością badań naukowych oraz odpowiedzialności karnej za przestępstwo popełnione za granicą (wymaganie podwójnej przestępności czynu). Przedmiotem szczegółowej analizy jest to, jak w praktyce wygląda zastosowanie prawa dotyczącego pamięci narodowej w polskim porządku prawnym. Zbadanie postępowań dotyczących pamięci wskazuje, że zastosowanie tych przepisów stanowi ograniczenie gwarantowanej konstytucyjnie wolności badań naukowych. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Criminal Law; Holocaust; Freedom

PL

Prawo karne; Holokaust; Wolność

• Czasopismo: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Rocznik: 2023
• Numer: Vol. 32, nr 3
• Strony: 75--88

Twórcy

autor

Teresa Gardocka

• SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-społeczny w Warszawi

autor

Dariusz Jagiełło

• SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-społeczny w Warszawi

autor

Klaus Bachmann

• SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistyczno-społeczny w Warszawi

Bibliografia

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• ONLINE SOURCES
• Heinze E., Should Governments Butt Out of History?, 12.3.2019, https://freespeechdebate.com/discuss/should-governments-butt-out-of-history (access: 3.8.2023).
• LEGAL ACTS
• Act of 7 April 1938 on the protection of the name of Józef Piłsudski, First Marshal of Poland (Journal of Laws 1938, no. 25, item 219).
• Act of 23 April 1964 - Civil Code (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2020, item 1740, as amended).
• Act of 26 January 2018 amending the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance - Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation, the Act on graves and cemeteries, the Act on museums, and the Act on the responsibility of collective entities for acts prohibited under penalty (Journal of Laws 2018, item 369).
• Act of 27 June 2018 amending the Act on the Institute of National Remembrance - Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation and the Act on the responsibility of collective entities for criminal offences (Journal of Laws 2018, item 1277).
• Act of 18 November 2020 on electronic delivery (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2020, item 2320).
• Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA of 28 November 2008 on combating certain forms and expressions of racism and xenophobia by means of criminal law (OJ L 328/55, 6.12.2008).
• Decree of 13 June 1946 on especially dangerous crimes during the period of national reconstruction (Journal of Laws 1946, no. 30, item 192).
• CASE LAW
• Decision of the ECtHR (Fourth Section) of 7 July 2003, Garaudy v. France, application no. 658311/01.
• Decision of the ECtHR (Fifth Section) of 13 May 2018, Hans Burkhard Nix v. Germany, application no. 35285/16.
• Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 19 September 2008, K 5/07, Journal of Laws 2008, no. 173, item 1080.
• Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 19 July 2011, K 11/10, Journal of Laws 2011, no. 160, item 964.
• Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 17 January 2019, K 1/18, Journal of Laws 2019, item 131.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17951/sil.2023.32.3.75-88