Ecocentrism : Hopes and Concerns

• Autorzy: Katarzyna Guczalska
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: Ecocentrism analysis, based on selected themes of Aldo Leopold's and J. Baird Callicott's ideas, in the context of the debate with anthropocentrism; An attempt to indicate a new axiological foundation for ecocentrism. Design/methodology/approach: The achievement of the article's objective results from the utilization of a set of tools, including hermeneutics, analysis of relevant literature, and comparative theory. Through these methods, a set of ecocentric values has been reconstructed, carrying the potential to develop a more rigorous protection of the natural environment. Findings: The ecocentric approach to environmental conservation can be more effective than the concept of "sustainable development", as it considers the well-being of the ecosystem, refrains from treating nature as a resource, takes into account abiotic factors, opposes long-term environmental degradation, and places biodiversity at the core. Simultaneously, it is a flexible approach, basing its axiology on both biological and social community values. It's not about negation, but rather a modification of traditional ethics. Research limitations/implications: The transformation of the cultural approach to the relationship between humans and nature requires social acceptance and a coherent value system. Ecocentrism is challenging to embrace in societies where anthropocentrism (a focus on human interests) prevails. Practical application of ecocentrism is difficult when it is not widely known and understood. Some of its propositions may encounter resistance, such as ethical consideration directed towards abiotic factors. Practical implications: Ecocentrism can be applied in everyday life, in businesses, and many other areas. It is a theory with immense practical potential, worthy of consideration in the realm of business practices, resource management, urban planning, agriculture and food production, education, politics, and legislation. Social implications: Adopting the principles of an ecocentric approach would have a profound impact on society by altering values, priorities, and actions to focus on the well-being of ecosystems. Originality/value: The value of the article lies in the original systematization of ecocentric ideas in the context of the concept of "ecosystem" and "anthropocentrism". For the first time, the article identifies concepts, and simultaneously metaphors, that can serve as a vehicle for the popularization and further continuation of the ecocentric tradition. The highlighted terms are "home" - directly referring to the etymology of the word "ecosystem" - and "family" (a triad of values also appears: life, safety, well-being). (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Ecology; Sustainable development; Environmental ethics

PL

Ekologia; Rozwój zrównoważony; Etyka biosfery

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
• Rocznik: 2023
• Numer: z. 183
• Strony: 165--187

Twórcy

autor

Katarzyna Guczalska

• Krakow University of Economics

Bibliografia

• 1. Attfield, R. (2003). Environmental Ethics: An Overview for the Twenty-First Century. Polity-Blackwell.
• 2. Attfield, R. (2018). Forest ethics. In: A. Kallhoff, M. Di Paola, M. Schörgenhumer (Eds.), Plant Ethics: Concepts and Applications (pp. 121-130). Abingdon-Oxon-New York.
• 3. Baier, K. (1973). Ethical Egoism and Interpersonal Compatibility. Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 357-368.
• 4. Bar-On, Y.M., Phillips, R., Milo, R. (2018). The biomass distribution on Earth, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 25, pp. 6506-6511.
• 5. Bendell, J. (2022). Replacing Sustainable Development: Potential Frameworks for International Cooperation in an Era of Increasing Crises and Disasters. Sustainability 14/8185, pp. 1-19, doi: 10.3390/su1413818
• 6. Brennan, A. (1984). The Moral Standing of Natural Objects. Environmental Ethics, 6/1, pp. 35-56.
• 7. Callicott, B.J. (1989). In Defense of the Land Ethics: Essays in Environmental Philosophy. NY State: University of New York Press.
• 8. Chapin, III, F.S., Matson, P.A., Vitousek, P.M. (2011). Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. New York/Dordrecht/Heidelberg/London: Springer.
• 9. Ciążela, H. (2004). Idea zrównoważonego rozwoju a współczesna kondycja moralna. Prakseologia, 144, pp. 53-66.
• 10. Comstock, G.L. (1995), Do agriculturalists need a new, an ecocentric, ethic? 1994 Presidential address to the agriculture, food, and human values society. Agriculture and Human Values, 12, pp. 2-16.
• 11. Derrick, J., McBay, A., Keith, L. (2011). Deep Green Resistance: Strategy to Save the Planet. Seven Stories Press.
• 12. Eagan, S.P. (1996). From Spikes to Bombs: The Rise of Eco-Terrorism. Studies in Conflict&Terrorism, 19, pp. 1-18.
• 13. Ebert, R. (2020). Are Humans More Equal Than Other Animals? An Evolutionary Argument Against Exclusively Human Dignity. Philosophia, 48/5, pp. 1807-1823.
• 14. Eckersley, R. (1992). Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach. State University of New York Press.
• 15. Elliot, R. (1993). A Companion to Ethics. Peter Singer (Ed.). Blackwell, pp. 284-293.
• 16. Fox, M.A. (1986). The Case for Animal Experimentation: An Evolutionary and Ethical Perspective. University of California Press.
• 17. Fox, M.A. (1987). Animal experimentation: A philosopher's changing views. Between the Species, Vol. 3, Iss. 2, pp. 55-82, doi: 10.15368/bts.1987v3n2.1
• 18. Fox, M.A. (2000). The case against animal experimentation: Comments on Dunayer's 'in the name of science'. Organization & Environment, 13/4, pp. 463-7.
• 19. Gaard, G. (Ed.) (1993). Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
• 20. Gawor, L. (2006). Idea zrównoważonego rozwoju jako projekt nowej ogólnoludzkiej cywilizacji. Diametros, 9, pp. 84-104.
• 21. Goodman, N. (1968). Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
• 22. Gus, M. (2003). Understanding Terrorism. Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. Thousand Oaks/London/New Dehli.
• 23. Harmon, Ch. (2000). Terrorism Today. London, Portland: Frank Cass Publishers.
• 24. Hull, Z. (2008). Filozoficzne i społeczne uwarunkowania zrównoważonego rozwoju. Problemy ekorozwoju, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 27-31.
• 25. Kuzior, A. (2008). Paradygmat odpowiedzialności w perspektywie koncepcji sustainable development. In: V. Gluchman. (Eds.), Moralka a sucasnost. Preszów: Filozoficka Fakulta Presovskej Univerzity.
• 26. Lakoff, G. (2010). Why it Matters How We Frame the Environment. Environmental Communication, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 70-81.
• 27. Lakoff, G. (2017). Moralna polityka. Jak myślą liberałowie i konserwatyści? Warszawa: Aletheia.
• 28. Laqueur, W. (1999). The New Terrorism. Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. Oxford University Press.
• 29. Leopold, A. (1949). A Sand County Almanac. New York: Oxford.
• 30. Light, A., Rolston, III H. (2002). Environmental Ethics: An Anthology. Wiley-Blackwell.
• 31. Likar, L.E. (2011). Eco-Warriors, Nihilistic Terrorists, and the Environment. Bloomsbury Publishing.
• 32. Lippert, I. (2004). An Introduction to the Criticism on Sustainable Development. Cottbus: Brandenburg University of Technology.
• 33. Lomborg, B. (2001). The Skeptical Environmentalist. Cambridge: Paperback.
• 34. Luke, T.W. (2008). Climatologies as Social Critique: The Social Construction/Creation of Global Warming, Global Dimming, and Global Cooling. In: S. Verheiden (Eds.), Political Theory and Global Climate Change (pp. 121-152). Cambridge/London.
• 35. Manes, Ch. (1990). Green rage: Radical environmentalism and the unmaking of civilization. Boston: Little, Brown.
• 36. Mullins, W.C. (1997). A Sourcebook on Domestic and International Terrorism. An Analysis of Issues, Organizations, Tactics and Responses. Illinois.
• 37. Naess, A. (1989). Ecology, Community and Lifestyle. Cambridge University Press.
• 38. Norton, B.G. (1991). Toward Unity Among Environmentalists. Oxford University Press.
• 39. Norton, B.G. (2005). Sustainability: A Philosophy of Adaptive Ecosystem Management. University of Chicago Press.
• 40. Odum, E.P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology. New York: Saunders.
• 41. Orton, D. (1999). My Path to Left Biocentrism: Part I - The Theory. A Journal Towards Wildness, Vol. 1, No. 1.
• 42. Piątek, Z. (2007). Filozoficzne podłoże zrównoważonego rozwoju. Problemy ekorozwoju, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 5-18.
• 43. Plumwood, V. (2002). Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason. Abingdon: Routledge.
• 44. Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
• 45. Regan, T. (1983). The Case for Animal Righst. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• 46. Sarkar, S. (1999). Eco-Socialism or Eco-Capitalism? A Critical Analysis of Humanity's Fundamental Choices. Zed Books.
• 47. Shaver, R. (2021). Egoism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/egoism/
• 48. Shellenberger, M., Nordhaus, T. (2004). The Death of Environmentalism, env_v3.indd
• 49. Shellenberger, M., Nordhaus, T. (2009). Why We Can't Leave Saving the Planet to Environmentalists. Houghton Mifflin.
• 50. Singer, P. (1975). Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for our Treatment of Animals. New York: Random House.
• 51. Smith, T. (2006). Ayn Rand's Normative Ethics: The Virtuous Egoist. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• 52. Spadaro, P.A. (2020). Climate Change, Environmental Terrorism, Eco-Terrorism and Emerging Threats. Journal of Strategic Security, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 58-80. doi:10.5038/1944-0472.13.4.1863. ISSN 1944-0464
• 53. Tannenbaum, J., Jaworska, A. (2021). The Grounds of Moral Status. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
• 54. Tansley, A.G. (1935). The Use and Abuse of Vegetational Concepts and Terms. Ecology, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 284-307.
• 55. Taylor, B., Chapron, G., Kopnina, H., Orlikowska, E., Gray, J., Piccolo, J.J. (2020). The need for ecocentrism in biodiversity conservation. Conservation Biology, Vol. 34, Iss. 5O, pp. 1057-1322.
• 56. Taylor, P.W. (1983). In Defense of Biocentrism. Environmental Ethics, Vol. 5, Iss. 3, pp. 237-243.
• 57. Taylor, P.W. (2021). Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics. Princeton University Press.
• 58. Tyburski, W. (2007). Etyczne założenia edukacji dla zrównoważonego rozwoju. Problemy Ekorozwoju: Studia filozoficzno-socjologiczne, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 41-47.
• 59. Varner, G. (1998). In Nature's Interests? Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• 60. Vernadsky, V.I. (1997). New York: Copernicus.
• 61. Warren, K.J. (2000). Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• 62. Warren, M.A. (1997). Moral Status. Obligations to Persons and Other Living Things. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• 63. Washington, H., Taylor, B., Kopnina, H., Cryer, P., Piccolo, J.J. (2017). Why ecocentrism is the key pathway to sustainability. The Ecological Citizen, Vol. 1, Iss. 1, pp. 35-41.
• 64. Westen, D. (2007). The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation. New York: PublicAffairs.
• 65. Woodhouse, K.M. (2018). The Ecocentrists: A History of Radical Environmentalism. New York: Columbia University Press.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29119/1641-3466.2023.183.10