Socioeconomic Reasons for Discontinuing Organic Farming : a Polish Case Study

• Autorzy: Władysława Łuczka , Sławomir Kalinowski

Warianty tytułu

Ekonomiczno-społeczne przyczyny rezygnacji z rolnictwa ekologicznego : polskie studium przypadku

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Aim: This paper attempts to close the research gap on the reasons for discontinuing organic farming in Poland. The goal is to explore the aspects that make Polish farmers cease organic farming and the barriers and factors which condition their reembarking on the organic path.
Methodology: This paper relies on data from a survey of 134 Polish farmers who moved away from organic farming. This study was carried out with former farmers who ceased organic farming between 2014 and 2018. It comprised two stages: the first was an interview with a nonrandom group of 18 farmers who discontinued organic farming. The second stage used a diagnostic survey with an original questionnaire administered to farmers who shifted away from organic production. The survey was conducted in 2021. Initially, 534 questionnaires were sent by mail. As the return rate was low, the procedure was repeated twice. As a result, 134 questionnaires were received back out of 1,569.
Results: The study found the following to be the key reasons for discontinuation: end of the five-year period of financial support, high production costs, insufficient levels of support, low yields, and unprofitable production. The "committed pragmatic farmers" was the most prevalent of the three types covered by the study. The drivers of their decision to go organic included both economic (financial support and incomes) and environmental aspects. However, the key reasons for ceasing organic farming were of a financial (end of the five-year support period) and institutional (burdensome bureaucracy and inspections) nature.
Conclusions: Although certain countries witness considerable discontinuation rates, there is a relative scarcity of papers dealing with this issue. Poland is an example of a country which has seen an acceleration in the shift away from organic farming over the recent years, resulting in a drop in the area of organic farmland (by 185,000 ha from 2014 to 2018). (original abstract)

Cel: Praca stanowi próbę wypełnienia luki w badaniach dotyczących przyczyn zaprzestania uprawy ekologicznej w Polsce. Celem artykułu było rozpoznanie przyczyn rezygnacji polskich rolników z prowadzenia gospodarstwa ekologicznego oraz barier i czynników warunkujących powrót do rolnictwa ekologicznego.
Metody: W pracy wykorzystano dane z badania przeprowadzonego wśród 134 polskich rolników, którzy zrezygnowali z uprawy ekologicznej. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone wśród rolników, którzy zaprzestali ekologicznej uprawy w okresie między 2014 a 2018 rokiem. Składało się z dwóch etapów: pierwszy to wywiad z grupą 18 rolników, którzy zrezygnowali z uprawy ekologicznej. Drugi etap to badanie za pomocą kwestionariusza ankietowego, który został wypełniony przez rolników, którzy zrezygnowali z produkcji organicznej. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w 2021 roku. Pierwotnie wysłano 534 kwestionariusze. Ponieważ odsetek zwrotu był niski, procedura została powtórzona dwukrotnie. W rezultacie otrzymano 134 zwrotnych kwestionariuszy spośród ogólnej liczby 1569.
Wyniki: Badania dowiodły, że najważniejszymi przyczynami rezygnacji z prowadzenia gospodarstwa ekologicznego było: zakończenie pięcioletniego okresu finansowego wsparcia, wysokie koszty produkcji, zbyt niski poziom wsparcia, niskie plony oraz nieopłacalność produkcji. Wśród trzech badanych typów rolników, dominował typ "pragmatyczny zaangażowany", który w wyborze ekologicznej metody gospodarowania kierował się zarówno motywami ,ekonomicznymi w postaci finansowego wsparcia i przychodów, jak i motywami środowiskowymi, ale wśród przyczyn rezygnacji z prowadzenia gospodarstwa główne znaczenie miał czynnik finansowy (zakończenie pięcioletniego programu wsparcia) i instytucjonalny (uciążliwa biurokracja i kontrole).
Wnioski: W badaniach dotyczących rolnictwa ekologicznego ważne znaczenie ma problem przyczyn rezygnacji niektórych rolników z prowadzenia gospodarstwa ekologicznego. Jest stosunkowo niewiele opracowań z tego zakresu, pomimo że skala rezygnacji z rolnictwa ekologicznego w niektórych krajach jest znaczna. Polska jest przykładem kraju, w którym zjawisko wycofania z rolnictwa ekologicznego w kilku ostatnich latach nasiliło się i spowodowało spadek powierzchni użytków ekologicznych. W latach 2014-2018 spadek ten wyniósł 185 tys. ha. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Ecology; Financing of the environmental protection; Financial support

PL

Ekologia; Finansowanie inwestycji ekologicznych; Wsparcie finansowe

• Czasopismo: Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia
• Rocznik: 22 (2023)
• Numer: nr 1
• Strony: 27--46

Twórcy

autor

Władysława Łuczka

• Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland

autor

Sławomir Kalinowski

• Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.22630/ASPE.2023.22.1.3