Measuring and Assessing Sick Absence from Work: a European Cross-sectional Study

• Autorzy: Elżbieta Antczak , Katarzyna M. Miszczyńska

Warianty tytułu

Pomiar i ocena absencji chorobowej pracujących: badanie przekrojowe w krajach Europy

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study analyses sickness absence in selected European countries. We suggested and applied three sick leave measures: global sickness absence rate, frequency rate, and absolute crude absence rate. To calculate the rates, open access data from Eurostat, the OECD, and the WHO were used. On the one hand, assessing sickness absence is a challenge in spite of accessible numbers of people and days of absence in public and employer registers. Simultaneously, a detailed understanding of sickness benefits and sick pay schemes is needed to elucidate cross country differences in sick leave rates. The long term dynamic trajectory (1970-2020) and regional differentiation effects on absenteeism among countries were considered. Using correlation coefficients and one way analysis of variance, a robustness check was performed, and the limitations of the proposed approach to measuring absenteeism were presented. The results evidence that the aforementioned indices present a unique and valid approximation to evaluate and monitor the state of sick absence and inequality in national policies. (original abstract)

W artykule dokonano obszernej analizy absencji chorobowej pracowników w krajach Europy. W tym celu skonstruowano i przetestowano trzy miary absenteizmu: globalny wskaźnik absencji, wskaźnik częstości absencji i surowy absolutny wskaźnik absencji. Do obliczenia wskaźników wykorzystano dane pochodzące z baz mających otwarty dostęp, m.in. Eurostatu, OECD, WHO. W artykule uwzględniono długookresową trajektorię (1970-2020) oraz wpływ zróżnicowania regionalnego na absencję chorobową pracujących. Wykorzystując współczynniki korelacji i analizę wariancji, przetestowano odporność miar oraz przedstawiono ograniczenia proponowanego podejścia. Wyniki dowodzą, że proponowane wskaźniki stanowią unikalne narzędzie służące ocenie i monitorowaniu stanu absencji chorobowej w krajach europejskich. Co więcej, miary dają pewną elastyczność i możliwość ich stosowania w kontekście porównywalności i dostępności danych statycznych. Wybór indeksu powinien być jednak determinowany celem badań nad absencją chorobową, ze względu na zróżnicowany potencjał interpretacyjny i aplikacyjny mierników. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Absence from work; Comparative analysis; Regional diversity

PL

Absencja w pracy; Analiza porównawcza; Zróżnicowanie regionalne

• Czasopismo: Comparative Economic Research
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: 26
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 187--211

Twórcy

autor

Elżbieta Antczak

• University of Lodz, Poland

autor

Katarzyna M. Miszczyńska

• University of Lodz, Poland

Bibliografia

• Barmby, T.A., Ercolani, M.G., Treble, J.G. (2002), Sickness Absence: An International Comparison, "The Economic Journal", 112 (480), pp. F315-F331, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00046
• Bevan, S., Hayday, S. (2001), Costing Sickness Absence in the UK, https://www.employmentstudies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/382.pdf (accessed: 19.09.2022).
• Billingsley, S. (2020), Sick leave absence and the relationship between intra generational social mobility and mortality: health selection in Sweden, "BMC Public Health", 20, 8, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8103-4
• Bishara, A.J., Hittner, J.B. (2012), Testing the significance of a correlation with nonnormal data: comparison of Pearson, Spearman, transformation, and resampling approaches, "Psychological Methods", 17 (3), pp. 399-417, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028087
• Blomgren, J., Laaksonen, M., Perhoniemi, R. (2021), Changes in Unemployment Affect Sickness Absence and Disability Retirement Rates: A Municipality Level Panel Study, "International Journal Environmental Research Public Health", 18 (12), 6359, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126359
• Bryson, A., Dale Olsen, H. (2019), The Role of Employer provided Sick Pay in Britain and Norway, "Health and Labour Markets", 47, pp. 227-252, https://doi.org/10.1108/S0147-912120190000047008
• Caverley, N., Cunningham, J.B., MacGregor, J.N. (2007), Sickness Presenteeism, Sickness Absenteeism, and Health Following Restructuring in a Public Service Organization, "Journal of Management Studies", 44 (2), pp. 304-319, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00690.x
• Chimed Ochir, O., Nagata, T., Nagata, M., Kajiki, S., Mori, K., Fujino, Y. (2019), Potential Work Time Lost Due Sickness Absence and Presence Among Japanese Workers, "Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine", 61 (8), pp. 682-688, https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001646
• Cicei, C.C., Mohorea, L., Teodoru, A.A. (2013), Investigating Two Predictors of Sickness Presenteeism on a Romanian Sample. The Case of Performance Based Self Esteem and Overcommitment, "Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences", 78, pp. 325-329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.304
• Collins, A.M., Cartwright, S., Cowlishaw, S. (2018), Sickness presenteeism and sickness absence over time: A UK employee perspective, "Work & Stress", 32 (1), https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2017.1356396
• Csillag, M. (2019), The Incentive Effects of Sickness Absence Compensation - Analysis of a Natural Experiment in Eastern Europe, "Health and Labor Markets", 47, pp. 195-225, https://doi.org/10.1108/S0147-912120190000047007
• Current Population Survey (2021), Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey, https://www.bls.gov/cps/absences.htm (accessed: 12.09.2022).
• De Paola, M., Scoppa, V., Pupo, V. (2014), Absenteeism in the Italian Public Sector: The Effects of Changes in Sick Leave Policy, "Journal of Labor Economics", 32 (2), pp. 337-360, https://doi.org/10.1086/674986
• European Commission (2022), Euro area and EU working days to build Calendar Adjustment Regressor, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/content/euro area and eu working days build calendar adjustment regressor_en (accessed: 19.09.2022).
• Eurostat (2021), Absences from work - quarterly statistics, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics explained/index.php?title=Archive:Absences_from_work_ _quarterly_statistics (accessed: 19.09.2022).
• Eurostat (2022), EU labour force survey, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/european union labour force survey (accessed: 19.09.2022).
• Fischer, J.E., Genser, B., Nauroth, P., Litaker, D., Mauss, D. (2020), Estimating the potential reduction in future sickness absence from optimizing group level psychosocial work characteristics: a prospective, multicenter cohort study in German industrial settings, "Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology", 15, 33, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00284 x
• Garbiec, R. (2019), The Impact of Social Security Reform on the Financial Effectiveness of the Polish Social Security Administration, "Public Policy and Administration Review", 7 (1), pp. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.15640/ppar.v7n1a2
• Gauthier, T.D. (2001), Detecting Trends Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient, "Environmental Forensics", 2 (4), pp. 359-362, https://doi.org/10.1006/enfo.2001.0061
• Gimeno, D., Bültmann, U., Benavides, F.G., Alexanderson, K., Abma, F.I., Ubalde López, M., Roelen, C.A., Kjeldgård, L., Delclos, G.L. (2014), Cross national comparisons of sickness absence systems and statistics: towards common indicators, "European Journal of Public Health", 24 (4), pp. 663-666, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku070
• Havik, K., Mc Morrow, K., Orlandi, F., Planas, C., Raciborski, R., Röger, W., Rossi, A., Thum Thysen, A.V.V. (2014), The Production Function Methodology for Calculating Potential Growth Rates and Output Gaps, Brussels, "European Economy. Economic Papers", 535.
• Hecke, T.V. (2012), Power study of anova versus Kruskal Wallis test, "Journal of Statistics and Management Systems", 15, https://doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2012.10701623
• Hensing, G. (2010), The measurements of sickness absence - a theoretical perspective, "Norsk Epidemiologi", 19 (2), https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v19i2.584
• Hill, J.J., Slade, M.D., Cantley, L., Vegso, S., Fiellin, M., Cullen, M.R. (2008), The Relationships Between Lost Work Time and Duration of Absence Spells: Proposal for a Payroll Driven Measure of Absenteeism , "Journal of Ocbetween Lost Work Time and Duration of Absence Spells: Proposal Cupational and Environmental Medicine", 50 (7), pp. 840-851, https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31816b44dd
• IES (2022), Report Summary. Measuring and Monitoring Absence from Work, https://www.employment studies.co.uk/report summaries/report summary measuring andmonitoring absence work (accessed: 19.09.2022).
• Janssens, H., Clays, E., De Clercq, B., De Bacquer, D., Braeckman, L. (2013), The Relation between Presenteeism and Different Types of Future Sickness Absence, "Journal of Occupational Health", 55 (3), pp. 132-141, https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.12-0164 OA
• Johns, G., Al Hajj, R. (2016), Frequency versus time lost measures of absenteeism: Is the voluntariness distinction an urban legend?, "Journal of Organizational Behavior", 37 (3), pp. 456-479, https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2055
• Jurek, U. (2021), The situation on the labor market and sickness absence: a cyclical and seasonal approach, "Studia Prawno Ekonomiczne", 120, pp. 197-219, https://doi.org/10.26485/SPE/2021/120/11
• Knies, S., Boonen, A., Candel, M., Evers, S., Severens, J. (2013), Compensation Mechanisms for Lost Productivity: A Comparison between Four European Countries, "Value in Health", 16 (5), pp. 740-744, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.1624
• Kpolovie, P. (2016), Statistical Techniques for Advanced Research, New Owerri, Springfield Publishers Ltd.
• Kusideł, E., Striker, M. (2016), Sickness absence and unemployment in the labour market in Poland, "Polityka Społeczna", 509 (8), pp. 6-10.
• Lar, L.A., Ogbeyi, O., Wudiri, Z. (2019), Absenteeism among staff of a state specialist hospital in Nigeria. International Research, "Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences", 7 (3), pp. 68-74, https://doi.org/10.30918/IRJMMS.73.19.038
• Lusinyan, L., Bonato, L. (2007), Work Absence in Europe, "IMF Staff Papers", 54 (3), pp. 475-538, https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.imfsp.9450016
• McDonald, J.H., Verrelli, B.C., Geyer, L.B. (1996), Lack of geographic variation in anonymous nuclear polymorphisms in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, "Molecular Biology and Evolution", 13 (8), pp. 1114-1118, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025673
• Mekonnen, T.H., Lamessa, S.K., Wami, S.D. (2019), Sickness related absenteeism and risk factors associated among flower farm industry workers in Bishoftu town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2018: a cross sectional study, "BMC Research Notes", 12 (1), 181, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4223-2
• Nowak, J., Emmermacher, A., Wendsche, J., Döbler, A.S., Wegge, J. (2022), Presenteeism and absenteeism in the manufacturing sector: A multilevel approach identifying underlying factors and relations to health, "Current Psychology", 42, pp. 18641-18659, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03013-1
• OECD (2007), Society at a Glance 2006: OECD Social Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris.
• OECD (2008), Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide, OECD Publishing, Paris.
• OECD (2022), Compensated Absence from Work Due to Illness. OECD Health Statistics 2022 Definitions, Sources and Methods, OECD Publishing, Paris.
• Ose, S.O., Kaspersen, S.L., Leinonen, T., Verstappen, S., Rijk, A. de, Spasova, S., Hultqvist, S., Nørup, I., Pálsson, J.R., Blume, A., Paternoga, M., Kalseth, J. (2022), Follow up regimes for sick listed employees: A comparison of nine north western European countries, "Health Policy", 126 (7), pp. 619-631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.05.002
• Palme, M., Persson, M. (2020), Sick Pay Insurance and Sickness Absence: Some European Cross-Country Observations and a Review of Previous Research, "Journal of Economic Surveys", 34 (1), pp. 85-108, http://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12351
• Prasad, D.K., Puttaswamy, M. (2017), Community Based, Cross Sectional Study on Sickness Absenteeism among Agriculture Workers in Ramanagara District, Karnataka, "Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS)", 5 (3C), pp. 912-919
• Qin, P., Agerbo, E., Westergård Nielsen, N., Eriksson, T., Mortensen, P.B. (2000), Gender differences in risk factors for suicide in Denmark, "The British Journal of Psychiatry", 177 (6), pp. 546-550, https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.177.6.546
• Reuter, M., Dragano, N., Wahrendorf, M. (2020), Working while sick in context of regional unemployment: a Europe wide cross sectional study, "Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health", 75 (6), http://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214888
• Ropponen, A., Wang, M., Narusyte, J., Kärkkäinen, S., Blom, V., Svedberg, P. (2021), The role of sickness absence diagnosis for the risk of future inpatient or specialized outpatient care in a Swedish population based twin sample, "BMC Public Health", 21 (1), 957, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10942-2
• Scheil Adlung, X., Sandner, L. (2010), The Case for Paid Sick Leave: World Health Report, "Background Paper", No. 9, World Health Organization, 30, https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/the case for paid sick leave (accessed: 12.09.2022).
• Scoppa, V., Vuri, D. (2014), Absenteeism, unemployment and employment protection legislation: evidence from Italy, "IZA Journal of Labor Economics", 3, https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-8997-3-3
• Sumanen, H., Pietiläinen, O., Lahelma, E., Rahkonen, O. (2017), Short sickness absence and subsequent sickness absence due to mental disorders - a follow up study among municipal employees, "BMC Public Health", 17 (1), 15, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3951-7
• The Ministry of Familiy, Labour and Social Policy (1998), Act Of 13 October 1998 On The Social Insurance System, https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=52428 (accessed: 25.09.2023)
• Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., Kivimäki, M. (2004), Sickness absence as a predictor of mortality among male and female employees, "Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health", 58, https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2003.011817
• Weik, M.H. (2000), Time Stamp. In: Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, Springer, Boston, https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_19677
• Whitaker, S.C. (2001), The management of sickness absence, "Occupational and Environmental Medicine", 58 (6), https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.6.420
• World Bank (2022), How are aggregate growth rates computed for National Accounts series?, https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/114952 how are aggregate growth rates computed for nation (accessed: 12.09.2022).
• World Health Organization (2022), European Health for All database (HFA DB), https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/datasets/european health for all database/ (accessed: 19.09.2022).

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.18778/1508-2008.26.37