Home Advantage Revisited: Did COVID Level the Playing Fields?

• Autorzy: Paweł Strawiński , Michał Krawczyk
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic swept fans out of the stadiums, but matches continued to be played in most major football leagues. We make use of this natural experiment to investigate if home field advantage disappears when the home team is not supported by the fans. Focusing on four top European football leagues, we find such an effect in the Bundesliga only. We propose that this singularity may be related to the special role that the fan associations play in German football. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

COVID-19; Football clubs; Sport

PL

COVID-19; Kluby piłkarskie; Sport

• Czasopismo: Ekonomia / Uniwersytet Warszawski
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: 9
• Numer: nr 56
• Strony: 56--67

Twórcy

autor

Paweł Strawiński

• University of Warsaw, Poland

autor

Michał Krawczyk

• University of Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• Agnew, G. A., & Carron, A. V. (1994). Crowd effects and the home advantage. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 25(1), 53-62.
• Baumeister, R. F., & Showers, C. J. (1986). A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests. European Journal of Social Psychology, 16(4), 361-383.
• Boudreaux C. J., Sanders, S. D., & Walia, B. (2017). A natural experiment to determine the crowd effect upon home court advantage. Journal of Sports Economics, 18(7), 737-749. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002515595842
• Clarke, Stephen R. and Norman, John M. (1995). Home Ground Advantage of Individual Clubs in English Soccer. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series D (The Statistician), 44(4), 509-521.
• Courneya, K. S., & Carron, A. V. (1991). Effects of Travel and Length of Home Stand/Road Trip on tie Home Advantage. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 42-49.
• Courneya, K. S., & Carron, A.V. (1992). The home advantage in sport competitions: A literature review. Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology, 14, 13-27.
• van Damme, N., & Baert, S. (2019). Home advantage in European international soccer: Which dimension of distance matters? Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 13 (2019-50): 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2019-50
• Dohmen, T. J. (2008). The influence of social forces: Evidence from the behavior of football referees. Economic inquiry, 46(3), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00112.x
• Fischer, K., & Haucap, J. (2021). Does crowd support drive the home advantage in professional soccer? Evidence from German ghost games during the COVID-19 pandemic (No. 344). Journal of Sports Economics. https://doi.org/10.1177/15270025211026552
• Garicano, L., Palacios-Huerta, I., & Prendergast, C. (2005). Favoritism under social pressure. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(2), 208-216. https://doi.org/10.1162/0034653053970267
• Goumas, C. (2014). Home advantage and referee bias in European football. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(sup1), S243-S249. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.686062
• Goumas, C. (2017). Modelling home advantage for individual teams in UEFA Champions League football. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 6(3), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.12.008
• Jamieson, J. (2010). The home-field advantage in athletics: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(7), 1819-1848.
• Moore, J. C., & Brylinsky, J. A. (1993). Spectator effect on team performance in college basketball. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16(2), 77-84.
• Nevill, A. M., Newell, S. M., & Gale, S. (1996). Factors associated with home advantage in English and Scottish soccer matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(2), 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419608727700
• Nevill, A. M., Balmer, N. J. & Williams, A. M. (2002). The influence of crowd noise and experience upon refereeing decision in football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 3(4), 261-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00033-4
• Pace, A., & Carron, A. V. (1992). Travel and the home advantage. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17(1), 60-64.
• Pollard, R., Pollard, G. (2005) Long-term trends in home advantage in professional team sports in North America and England (1876-2003). Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021559
• Pollard, R. (2006) Worldwide regional variations in home advantage in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(3), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500141836
• Pollard, R., & Gómez, M. (2014) Components of home advantage in 157 national soccer leagues worldwide. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 12(3), 218-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2014.888245
• Reade, J. J., Schreyer, D., & Singleton, C. (2020). Echoes: what happens when football is played behind closed doors? Economics Discussion Paper, University of Reading.
• Sanchez, A.J. & Lavin J. M. (2021). Home advantage in European soccer without crowd. Soccer & Society, 22:1-2, 152-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2020.1830067
• Scoppa, V. (2008) Are subjective evaluations biased by social factors or connections? An econometric analysis of soccer referee decisions. Empirical Economics, 35(1), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-007-0146-1
• Scoppa V. (2021). Social pressure in stadiums: Do agents change behavior without crowd support? Journal of Economic Psychology, 82, 102344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102344
• Sors, F., Grassi, M. Agostini T., & Murgia M. (2020). The sound of silence in association football: Home advantage and referee bias decrease in matches played without spectators. European Journal of Sport Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1845814
• Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G. (2004). Favoritism of agents-the case of referees' home bias. Journal of Economic Psychology, 25(4), 461-469. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(03)00013-8
• Unkelbach, C. & Memmert, D. (2010). Crowd noise as a cue in referee decisions contributes to the home advantage. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 32(4), 483-498. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.4.483
• Ward, S. & Hines, A. (2017). The demise of the members' association ownership model in German professional football. Managing Sport and Leisure, 22(5), 358-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2018.1451359
• Wallace, H. M., Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2005). Audience support and choking under pressure: A home disadvantage? Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(4), 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400021666

Identyfikatory

DOI

doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2022-0004