Warianty tytułu
Programming the Prevention of Suicides - Motives and Circumstances Behind Suicidal Behaviours
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Żeby mówić autorytatywnie o warunkach powstawania zachowań suicydanych, trzeba by dysponować niezwykle wiarygodną, pogłębioną analizą motywów. W wielu przypadkach wiedza nasza w tym zakresie jest intuicyjna. Przeprowadzono wiele badań nad motywacją zamachów samobójczych i wiedza z tego zakresu pozwala na wyciąganie już pewnych wniosków co do etiologii tego zjawiska, niemniej trzeba przyznać, że jest to wiedza dość uboga. (fragment tekstu)
Prevention of suicides must base on a very thorough knowledge of the essential question - whether a given person aimed at causing the death, or whether an attempt on his own life or causing the death aimed at attaining other goals. First of all, one should distinguish two categories which form a dichotomy, and namely: whether suicidal attempt is a goal or a means to attain the goal. This essential problem is difficult to be solved on the basis of presently available data on the persons committing suicidal attempts. The difficulty results not only from the foregoing objective causes but is connected with the applied methodology of the research in suicides.
While discussing the system of patterns, of which some traits particularly suicidogenic, one should pay the attention to the basic components of cultural personality. The personality of man is shaped from the earliest period of his life and, what should be particularly emphasized, the first stage of his education is family or other social environment where the child's needs are satisfied.
I propose to assume the term of "cultural personality" for defining the whole of patterns of the behaviour aiming at satisfaction of human needs. These patterns concern: a) man's relation to himself; b) relation to other people; c) relation to the spatial environment; d) relation to the subject environment; e) relation to the time. It is an extensive division covering all the life questions of human activities and emotions.
The number of suicidal attempts (the emergency service in Warsaw notes average monthly of appeals - 400) makes one to consider why such a great number of population seeks to solve the life problems by self-destruction. Particularly disturbing are the suicides or suicidal attempts committed by children and young people. The research in motives behind suicidal attempts of young people points out univocally to one causative factor - the lack of antifrustration mechanism enabling to elastically manipulate the measures for positive solving the life problems. Many of these problems may seem insignificant, for instance, a low school mark, disappointed youthful feelings, refusal by parents of some object being appreciated in a given milieu and increasing the prestige.
Next, the middle generation bears a heavy burden of responsibility both for well-being of younger generation and, often, for elderly. A general social and economic disorganization existing in our country as a phenomenon of a severe crisis imposes the additional tasks upon this population and, simultaneously, creates the obstacles on the way of implementing the goals for which they have civic rights. These rights, however, do not guarantee them the satisfaction of their needs and realization of their interests. In everyday struggle for survival the ideals are infringed upon and a huge wave of distress emerges and often exceeds the adaptability of even those individuals who have this trait developed to a high degree or are able to "disconnect" themselves.
The elderly people commit suicides as a result of the whole complex of factors. Often one speaks about illness. In fact, the motives are complex. Most often, the illness is inherent in the very old age, but in the society caring for the elderly generation it does not lead to suicides. (original abstract)
While discussing the system of patterns, of which some traits particularly suicidogenic, one should pay the attention to the basic components of cultural personality. The personality of man is shaped from the earliest period of his life and, what should be particularly emphasized, the first stage of his education is family or other social environment where the child's needs are satisfied.
I propose to assume the term of "cultural personality" for defining the whole of patterns of the behaviour aiming at satisfaction of human needs. These patterns concern: a) man's relation to himself; b) relation to other people; c) relation to the spatial environment; d) relation to the subject environment; e) relation to the time. It is an extensive division covering all the life questions of human activities and emotions.
The number of suicidal attempts (the emergency service in Warsaw notes average monthly of appeals - 400) makes one to consider why such a great number of population seeks to solve the life problems by self-destruction. Particularly disturbing are the suicides or suicidal attempts committed by children and young people. The research in motives behind suicidal attempts of young people points out univocally to one causative factor - the lack of antifrustration mechanism enabling to elastically manipulate the measures for positive solving the life problems. Many of these problems may seem insignificant, for instance, a low school mark, disappointed youthful feelings, refusal by parents of some object being appreciated in a given milieu and increasing the prestige.
Next, the middle generation bears a heavy burden of responsibility both for well-being of younger generation and, often, for elderly. A general social and economic disorganization existing in our country as a phenomenon of a severe crisis imposes the additional tasks upon this population and, simultaneously, creates the obstacles on the way of implementing the goals for which they have civic rights. These rights, however, do not guarantee them the satisfaction of their needs and realization of their interests. In everyday struggle for survival the ideals are infringed upon and a huge wave of distress emerges and often exceeds the adaptability of even those individuals who have this trait developed to a high degree or are able to "disconnect" themselves.
The elderly people commit suicides as a result of the whole complex of factors. Often one speaks about illness. In fact, the motives are complex. Most often, the illness is inherent in the very old age, but in the society caring for the elderly generation it does not lead to suicides. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Strony
3--30
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
- Uniwersytet Łódzki
Bibliografia
- 1. T. Asuni, Suicide in Western Nigeria, "British Medicin Journal" 1962, no 2, s. 1091.
- 2. K. Dąbrowski, Dwie diagnozy, Warszawa 1974, s. 7.
- 3. H. Hendin, Suicide and Scandinavia, New York 1964 (cyt. wg raportu WHO, s. 40).
- 4. B. Hołys, Samobójstwo. Przypadek czy konieczność, Warszawa 1983, s. 350-458.
- 5. M. Jarosz, Problemy dezorganizacji rodziny, Warszawa 1979, s. 96 i n.
- 6. C. E. Kim, Suicide among Koreans, report 1: a statistical observation of the annual (1959) incidence of successful suicide in the Pusan area, "Journal Pusan Medical College" 1959, no 1.
- 7. C. S. Kruijt, Zelfmoord, Utrecht 1960, s. 430.
- 8. P. Sainsbury, Social and epidemiological aspects of suicide in the aged, [w:] Processes of aging, ed. R. D. Williams, vol. 2, New York 1963.
- 9. P. Sainsbury, Suicide in old age, "Proceeding Royal Society Medical" 1961, vol. 54, s. 266.
- 10. Z. Tyszka, Socjologia rodziny, Warszawa 1979, s. 2.30, 231.
- 11. P. M. Yap, [w:] Processes of aging, ed. R. D. Williams, vol. 2, New York 1963.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
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