Wybrane problemy oceny aktywnych programów rynku pracy

• Autorzy: Monika Maksim
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Ewaluacja aktywnej polityki rynku pracy w Polsce nie jest realizowana w sposób systematyczny, a istniejący system monitorowania jest wykorzystywany w bardzo okrojonej formie. Utrzymujące się nadal wysokie bezrobocie, jak i napływ funduszy pomocowych Unii Europejskiej sprzyjają ekspansji aktywnych programów zatrudnieniowych, szczególnie szkoleń zawodowych. Rzetelna ewaluacja wybranych instrumentów prowadzi do bardziej racjonalnego gospodarowania środkami przeznaczonymi na formy aktywne i większej efektywności aktywnej polityki rynku pracy w zakresie ograniczenia i łagodzenia skutków bezrobocia. Dlatego w Polsce należy podjąć działania, które przyczynią się do udoskonalenia metod oceniających te programy i szerszego wykorzystania ich w praktyce. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Active labour market policies are still one of the major tools to fight unemployment and improve functioning of the labour market. However, growing scepticism regarding the effects of active policies and very different evaluation findings are the main reason of growing interest in developing the evalution methods of these policies. The paper outlines the key theoretical issues concerning ALMP evaluation and also intends to explain the need of evaluation of these measures, especially in countries which have just joined European Union, for example Poland. The first part describes evaluation purposes and briefly characterizes differences between various types of evaluation. The second part covers the methodological aspects of ALMP microevolutions, defines the fundamental evaluation problem and reviews some quasi-experimental methods, commonly used in the EU-15, like before-after designs, matching and parametric regression, and conditional difference in differences estimation, uderlying their strenths and weaknesses. The last part of the article presents some problems of ALMP evaluation in Poland. The paper concludes that the main barriers of implementing evaluation system in Poland are: the lack of funds to conduct systematic evaluations, bad procedures and poorly developed information systems used by public employment services, low quality or the lack of proper statistical data needed for evaluations, and insufficient qualifications of PES' employees to control and evaluate the effects of ALMP. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Rynek pracy; Aktywizacja bezrobotnych; Programy pomocowe; Przeciwdziałanie bezrobociu

EN

Labour market; Unemployed activation; Assistance programs; Combat unemployment

• Czasopismo: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: 213 Polska gospodarka w dobie integracji z Unią Europejską - szanse i zagrożenia
• Strony: 237--256

Twórcy

autor

Monika Maksim

• Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu

Bibliografia

• Ashenfelter O. (1978), Estimating the Effect of Training Program on Earning "The Review of Economics and Statistics", No. 60.
• Auer P., Kruppe T. (1996), Monitoring of Labour Market Policy in EU Member States, [w:] G. Schmid, J. O'Reilly, K. Schömann (red.), International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
• Bellmann L., Jackman R. (1996), Aggregate Impact Analysis, [w:] G. Schmid, J. O'Reilly, K. Schömann (red.), International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
• Delander L., Niklasson H. (1996), Cost-benefit Analysis, [w:] G. Schmid, J. O'Reilly, K. Schomann (red.), International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
• European Comission (2003), Evaluating Socio Economic Development, Sourcebook 1: Active Labour Market Policies, Przewodnik Komisji Europejskiej z zakresu ewaluacji, http://www.evalsed.info.
• Fraker Т., Maynard R. (1987), The Adequacy of Comparison Group Designs for Evaluations of Employment-Related Programs, "Journal of Human Resources", Vol.22, No. 2.
• Fredriksson P., Johansson P. (2003), Program Evaluation and Random Program Starts, Department of Economics, Uppsala University "Working Paper", No. 1.
• Friedlander D., Robins P.K. (1995), Evaluating Program Evaluations: New Evidence on Commonly Used Nonexperimental Methods, "The American Economic Review", Vol. 85, No. 4.
• GUS, Bezrobocie rejestrowane I-III kwartał 2005 r., Warszawa 2005.
• Heckman J.J, Robb R. (1985), Alternative Methods for Evaluating the Impact of Interventions, [w:] J.J. Heckman, B. Singer (red.), Longitudinal Analysis of Labor Market Data, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Heckman J.J., Smith J.A. (1996), Experimental and Nonexperimental Evaluation, [w:] G. Schmid, J. O'Reilly, K. Schömann (red.), International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
• Heckman J.J., Lalonde R.J., Smith J.A. (1999), The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs, [w:] O. Ashenfelter, D. Card (red.), Handbook of Labor Economics, North Holland, Amsterdam.
• Kluve J., Lehmann H., Schmidt Ch. M. (2000), Disentangling Treatment Effects of Polish Active Labor Market Policies: Evidence from Matched Samples, Preliminary Draft.
• Koning J. de, Mosley H. (2002), How can active policies be made more effective?, [w:] Schmid G., Gazier B.(red.), The Dynamics of Full Employment. Social Integration Through Transitional Labour Markets, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
• Kubiak P. (2005), Efekty uczestnictwa bezrobotnych w aktywnych programach rynku pracy w Polsce, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.
• Kwiatkowski E. (1998), Aktywna polityka państwa na rynku pracy w Polsce, [w:] E. Kryńska, E. Kwiatkowski, H. Zarychta, Polityka państwa na rynku pracy w Polsce w latach dziewięćdziesiątych, IPiSS, Warszawa.
• Kwiatkowski E., Tokarski T. (1997), Efekty polityki państwa wobec rynku pracy w Polsce. Analiza na podstawie funkcji dopasowań, "Ekonomista", nr 3.
• Lalonde R.J. (1986), Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data, "American Economic Review", No.76.
• (18) Lechner M. (2001), Identification and estimation of causal effects of multiple treatments under the conditional independence assumption, [w:] M. Lechner, F. Pfeiffer (red.), Econometric Evaluation of Labour Market Policies "ZEW Economic Studies", No. 13, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg.
• Manski C.F. (1989), Anatomy of the Selection Problem, "Journal of Human Resources", No. 24.
• Martin J.P., Grubb D. (2001), What works and for whom: A review of OECD countries' experiences with active labour market policies, "Swedish Economic Policy Review", No. 8.
• Moffit R. (1991), Program Evaluation with Nonexperimental Data, "Evaluation Review", No. 15.
• Ministerstwo Gospodarki i Pracy, Polska 2004. Raport o rynku pracy oraz zabezpieczeniu społecznym, http://www.praca.gov.pl (04. 2005).
• OECD (1995), Employment Outlook, Paris.
• O'Leary Ch., Nesporova A., Samorodov A. (2001), Manual on Evaluation of Labour Market Policies in Transition Economies, ILO, Geneva.
• Orr L.L.,(1999), Social Experiments. Evaluating Public Programs with Experimental Method, Sage Publications, London.
• Pierre G. (1999), A framework for active laour market policy evaluation, ILO Geneva, "Employment and Training Papers", No. 49.
• Puhani P. (1999a), Evaluating Acitve Labour Market Policies. Empirical Evidence for Poland During Transition, "ZEW Economic Studies", No. 5, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg.
• Puhani P. (1999b), Estimating the Effects of Public Training on Polish Unemployment by Way of the Augmented Matching Function Approach, ZEW Mannheim, "Discussion Paper", No. 38.
• Purdon S. (2002), Estimating the Impact of Labour Market Programmes, Department for Work and Pensions, London.
• Purdon S., Lessof C., Woodfield K., Bryson C. (2001), Research Methods For Policy Evaluation, National Centre for Social Research, "Research Working Paper", No. 2.
• Rosenbaum P.R., Rubin D. B. (1983), The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects, "Biometrica", No. 70.
• Rossi P.H., Lipsey M.W., Freeman H.E. (2003), Evaluation: A Systematic Approach, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks.
• Rubin D.B (1974), Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments In Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies, "Journal of Educational Psychology", Vol.66, No.5.
• Rubin D.B. (1980), Comment on Basu D.: Randomization Analysis of Experimental Data: The Fisher Randomization Test, "Journal of the American Statistical Association", No. 75.
• Schmid G., O'Reilly J., Schömann K. (1996), Theory and Methodology of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation: An Introduction [w:] G. Schmid, J. O'Reilly, К. Schömann (red.), International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham 1996.
• Smith J.A. (2000), A Critical Survey of Empirical Methods for Evaluating Active Labor Market Policies, "Zeitschrift fur Volkswirschaft und Statistik", Vol. 136(3).
• Speckesser S. (2004), Essays on Evaluation of Active Labour Market Policy, Doctoral dissertation, Mannheim University, Mannheim.
• World Bank (2002), Impact Evaluation. Techniques for Evaluating Active Labor Market Programs, "Employment Policy Primer", No. 2.
• WUP w Poznaniu (1995), Analiza efektywności programów rynku pracy - poradnik, Poznań.