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2015 | nr 11 | 106--144
Tytuł artykułu

Tendencje rozwojowe klastrów w Niemczech

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Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Development Tendencies of German Clusters
Języki publikacji
PL
Abstrakty
Choć rządy Wielkiej Koalicji mogą mieć negatywne skutki dla stanu niemieckich finansów publicznych, twierdzenie o pogorszeniu atrakcyjności lokalizacyjnej RFN wydaje się nadużyciem. Pozyskiwanie inwestorów wymaga oferowania pewnych pakietów czynników, np. w formie klastrów. W artykule podejmowana jest ocena tendencji rozwojowych niemieckich klastrów. Większość badanych skupisk podlega procesom ekspansji. Zanikanie gron (na wschodzie) wiąże się głównie z odchudzaniem, czyli szybszym spadkiem liczby zatrudnionych niż liczby działających firm, podczas gdy w przypadku Niemiec jako całości to relokacja - zmniejszanie się populacji aktywnych przedsiębiorstw przy słabszym spadku zatrudnionych w nich pracowników - jest zjawiskiem powszechniejszym. Procesy rozdrobnienia klastrów, a więc wzrostu liczby firm przy jednoczesnym zmniejszeniu zatrudnienia występują częściej niż odwrotna agregacja, kiedy to redukcji populacji przedsiębiorstw towarzyszy wzrost liczby pracujących. O ile dynamika rozwoju klastrów obserwowana w części wschodniej nie odbiega zasadniczo od tej zachodzącej w całych Niemczech, o tyle niepokoić może skala inwestycji i tempo ich wzrostu. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
Although the expansive policy of Great Coalition might have negative impact on Germany's public finance, claiming that this would significantly reduce country's attractiveness seems exaggerated. Gaining foreign investors relies on offering the whole package of factors such as clusters. This article aims at evaluating development trends of German clusters. It proposes a classification drawing on firms population and labour force size. Obtained results indicate that most of German clusters have been expanding. Clusters' closing/vanishing is the result of downsizing i.e. the faster decline of labour force than the number of active firm in East Germany, where-as in Germany it mainly reflects the relocation i.e. the steeper decline of cluster's companies than working population. Disaggregation (growing number of cluster's firm accompanied by reduction of labour force) outnumbers the opposite case i.e. the aggregation when decrease of firms number goes along with expansion of employees. Whereas the development of East Germany clusters does not differ substantially from the general German trend, the evolution of their investments may worry. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
106--144
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
  • Instytut Zachodni w Poznaniu
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