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Wiadomo, że pewne funkcje nie mają elementarnych przeciwpochodnych. Taką funkcją jest na przykład gęstość rozkładu normalnego. Ale nie jest oczywistym spojrzenie w głąb tych faktów. Aparat dowodu przedstawionych propozycji składa się z metod algebry różniczkowej. W ten sposób można pokazać, że nieskończona całka z gęstości rozkładu normalnego nie wyraża się w postaci funkcji elementarnych. (abstrakt oryginalny)
This paper presents analyses of the fictitious forces which are appearing where the frame of reference is moving simultaneously on the linear and rotational path. Finally, it gives a concept of the construction of a power plant. The power plant used the energy which derived from the rotation of the Earth.(original abstract)
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Content available remote A Generalized Fractional Calculus of Variations
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We study incommensurate fractional variational problems in terms of a generalized fractional integral with Lagrangians depending on classical derivatives and generalized fractional integrals and derivatives. We obtain necessary optimality conditions for the basic and isoperimetric problems, transversality conditions for free boundary value problems, and a generalized Noether type theorem. (original abstract)
First-year students usually ask whether they really need mathematics. This paper presents several simple examples applying differential calculus in microeconomics, which allow students to perceive that learning mathematics during their studies of economics does "pay off".(original abstract)
As a generalization of convex functions and derivatives, in this paper, the authors study the concept of a symmetric derivative for preinvex functions. Using symmetrical differentiation, they discuss an important characterization for preinvex functions and define symmetrically pseudo-invex and symmetrically quasi-invex functions. They also generalize the first derivative theorem for symmetrically differentiable functions and establish some relationships between symmetrically pseudo-invex and symmetrically quasi-invex functions. They also discuss the Fritz John type optimality conditions for preinvex, symmetrically pseudo-invex and symmetrically quasi-invex functions using symmetrical differentiability. (original abstract)
The article presents the analysis of the changes of derivates market structure in Poland before and after the implementation of regulations on OTC derivatives market, which was imposed in EU by EMIR (European Market Infrastructure Regulations). That was implemented by EU Parliament and EU Council ordinance No. 648/2012 dated on the 4th of July 2012, on the derivatives being the subjects of trade outside of the regulated market, central counterparties and transactions repository. The article describes the origin of the world financial crisis in 2008 as well as regulations which were published 2010-2012 in USA and EU aiming to reduce the possibility of critical situations occurrence in following years. Furthermore, Poland's most popular OTC derivatives and local derivatives regulations have been characterized in the paper. The assessment of introducing in 2012 regulations on OTC and its value structure has been performed. (original abstract)
W artykule przedstawiono definicję funkcji stycznych. Definicja ta daje pewne charakterystyczne klasy tej funkcji. Autor zaprezentował funkcje styczną w przestrzeni Banacha oraz w przestrzeni topologii generowanej.
W artykule pokazano jak klasyczny rachunek różniczkowy można wyrazić w języku funkcji wykładniczych. Autor działanie dodawania zastąpił działaniem mnożenia. Język wykładniczego rachunku różniczkowego znajduje zastosowanie w naukach ekonomicznych, szczególnie w zakresie matematyki finansowej.
W artykule wykażemy, że podstawowe twierdzenia klasycznego rachunku różniczkowego mają swoje odpowiedniki w rachunku różniczkowym wykładniczym. (fragment tekstu)
In this note we propose a calculus for piece-wise linear functions, in order to obtain derivatives and second derivatives at points where the function is not differentiable. Such derivatives can be used to calculate coefficients of risk aversion at initial wealth for piece-wise linear utility functions for gains, which display loss aversion-and hence non differentiability at zero gains. (original abstract)
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Content available remote Software Tools in Didactics of Mathematics
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The use of software tools in the teaching process allows us to enrich the traditional methods. Graphics and animation complement the text and create positive associations related to the presented content. Recent research shows that using the visual methods in teaching leads to better scores obtained by students. The aim of the paper is to present the dynamic visualisations of selected concepts taught in mathematics and other "quantitative" subjects at university. Our dynamic visualisations can be used during lectures to help students to better understand difficult ideas and dependencies, for example the derivate of a function, the concept of fuzzy sets and the operations on these sets as well as the concept of the best solution in multi-objective programming problems. Visualisations of these issues are prepared in GeoGebra, which combines algebra and geometry and allows for the dynamic visualisation of concepts with a mathematical background.(original abstract)
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