Trade Policy of a Free Society

• Autorzy: Robert W. McGee

Warianty tytułu

Polityka handlowa wolnego społeczeństwa

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper examines the various arguments that have been put forth in favor of protectionism, from both the philosophical and law and economics perspectives. The author concludes that arguments against free trade are based on faulty premises, illogical reasoning or incorrect facts. The only trade policy consistent with a free society is a policy of unrestricted free trade. (short original abstract)

Artykuł prezentuje krytyczne oceny polityki protekcjonistycznej w handlu zagranicznym od strony filozoficznej, prawnej i ekonomicznej. Autor konkluduje, że argumenty przeciwko wolnemu handlowi bazują na ideologicznych przesłankach i nie znajdują żadnego uzasadnienia teoretycznego ani z punktu widzenia polityki gospodarczej. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Foreign trade; Protectionism in trade; Commercial law; Trade balance; Dumping; Democracy; Labour market

PL

Handel zagraniczny; Protekcjonizm handlowy; Prawo handlowe; Bilans handlowy; Dumping; Demokracja; Rynek pracy

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Krakowie
• Rocznik: 1992
• Numer: nr 389
• Strony: 87--128

Twórcy

autor

Robert W. McGee

Bibliografia

• Ahlstrom B., Protecting Whom from What? Freeman (1989).
• Anderson B., Economics And The Public Welfare (1949).
• Aristotle, The Politics, I.
• Armentano D., Antitrust Policy: the Case For Repeal (1986). Barnes H., In Quest of Truth and Justice (1928/72).
• Barnes H., Taylor A.J.P., Causes of World War II, "New Individualist Review" Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 1962.
• Bastiat F., Economic Harmonies (1964).
• Bastiat F., Economic Sophisms (1964).
• Bastiat F., Oeuvres Complete De Frederic Bastiat, Vol. 1, (4th ed. 1878).
• Bastiat F., Sophismes Économiques, in: Volume I of Oeuvres Completes De Frederic Bastiat, (4th ed. 1878).
• Bastiat F., The Law (1950).
• Baughman L., Analysis of the Impact of the Textile and Apparel Trade Act of 1987, International Business and Economic Research Corporation, Mar., 1987, at 7.
• Baughman L., Emrich T., Analysis of the impact of the Textile and Apparel Trade Enforcement Act of 1985, International Business and Economic Research Corporation. June, 1985.
• Baysinger B., Ekelund R., Tollison R., Mercantilism as a Rent Seeking Society, in: Towards a Theory of the Rent Seeking Society, eds. J. Buchanan, R. Tollison, G. Tuilock, 1980.
• Becker J., Das Deutsche Manchestertum (1907).
• Bhagwati J., Protectionism (1988).
• Block W., Walker M., Lexicon of Economic Thought (1989).
• Bluestone B., Harrison B., The Deindustrialization of America (1982).
• Blustein P., Unfair Traders: Does the U.S. Have Room To Talk? "Washington Post", May 24,1989, at F1.
• Bradley R. Jr., The Mirage of Oil Protection (1989).
• Branson W., The Myth of Deindustrialization, In: Plant Closings: Public or Private Choices?, ed. R. McKenzie, 1984).
• Butler H., Ribstein L., State Anti-Takeover Statutes and the Contract Clause, "University of Cincinnati Law Review" , 611 ff (1988).
• Cantillon R., Essai Sur La Nature Du Commerce En General (Essay on the Nature of Commerce in General) (1931).
• Canto V., Eastin R., Laffer A., Failure of Protectionism: A Study of the Steel Industry, "Columbia Journal of World Business"; Winter 1982, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p. 43.
• Canto V., Laffer A., The Effectiveness of Orderly Marketing Agreements: The Color TV Case, "Business Economics",1983, Vol. 18 No. 1, pp. 38-45.
• Canto V., Laffer A., Turney J., Trade Policy and the U.S. Economy, "Financial Analysts Journal", September/October 1982, Vol. 38, No. 5: 27-46.
• Canto V., U.S. Trade Policy: History and Evidence, "Cato Journal", Vol. 3, No. 3 (Winter 1983/84).
• Carson C., The Mercantile Impasse, in: C. Carson, The Rebirth of Liberty: the Founding of the American Republic, (1973/76), za: Free Trade: the Necessary Foundation for World Peace, ed. J.K. Taylor, 1986.
• Chaikin S., Trade, Investment, and Deindustrialization" Myth and Reality, "Foreign Affairs", Vol. 60, No. 4 (Spring 1982). pp. 836-51.
• Chamberlin W., America's Second Crusade (1950/62).
• Chodorov F., The Humanity Of Trade, In: Free Trade: The Necessary Foundation For World Peace, ed. J.K. Taylor, 1986.
• Cline W., American Trade Adjustment: The Global Impact (1989).
• Cline W., Reverse the Course on Textiles, "Washington Post". Aug. 7,1987 at A33.
• Cline W., The Future of World Trade in Textiles and Apparel (1987).
• Collyns C., Dunaway S., The Cost of Trade Restraints: The Case of Japanese Automobile Exports to the United States, Int'l. Monetary Fund Staff Papers (Mar., 1987).
• Corden W., Trade Policy and Economic Welfare (1974).
• Cox J., Wright A., A Tariff Policy for Independence from Oil Embargoes, "National Tax Journal", 28, March, 1975, p. 29.
• Crandall R., Detroit Rode Quotas to Prosperity, "Wall Street Journal", Jan. 29, 1986, at 30.
• Crandall R., Import Quotas and the Automobile Industry: The Costs of Protectionism, "Brookings Review" 2 (Summer 1984): 8-16.
• Crandall R., The Effects of U.S. Trade Protection for Autos and Steel, "Brookings Papers on Economic Activity", no. 1: 271-88 (July/Aug., 1987).
• Curtiss W., The Tariff Idea (1953).
• Denzau A., How Import Restraints Reduce Employment, Publication No. 80, St. Louis: Washington University, Center for the Study of American Business. (1987).
• Destler I., American Trade Politics: System under Stress (1986).
• Destler I., Odell J., Anti-Protection: Changing Forces in United States Trade Politics (1987).
• Dilorenzo T., The Myth of America's Declining Manufacturing Sector, Heritage Foundation Backgrounder (1984).
• Dorn J., Trade Adjustment Assistance: A Case of Government Failure, "Cato Journal", vol. 2, No. 3 (Winter 1982).
• Dowd A., What To Do About Trade Policy, "Fortune", May 8,1989, at 106.
• Doxey M., Economic Sanctions and International Enforcement (1980).
• Duke M.I., David Hume and Monetary Adjustment, "History of Political Economy", 1979, vol. 11, pp. 572-587.
• Durant W., The Story of Philosophy (1952).
• Ekelund R., Tollison R., Economics (2d Ed. 1988).
• Epstein R., Toward a Revitalization of the Contract Clause, "The University of Chicago Law Review", Vol. 51, No. 3: 703-751.
• Fausten D.K., The Human Origin of the Contemporary Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments, "Quarterly Journal of Economics", 1979, vol. 93, pp. 655-73.
• Finger J., Hall H., Nelson D., The Political Economy of Administered Protection. "American Economic Review", 1982, Vol. 72, p.p. 452-66.
• Finger J., Nogues J., International Control of Subsidies and Countervailing Duties, "The World Bank Economic Review", 1987, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp. 707-725.
• Finger J.M., Incorporating the Gains form Trade into Policy, "World Economy", Vol. 5, pp. 367-377 (Dec., 1982).
• Finger J.M., The Political Economy of Trade Policy, "Cato Journal", vol. 3, No. 3 (winter 1983/84), pp. 743-750.
• Friedman M., Friedman R., Free to Choose (1980).
• Gable W., Myths About International Trade, Washington, D.C.: Citizens for Sound Economy, n.d.
• Grubel H.G., Ricardo and Thornton on the Transfer Mechanism, "Quarterly Journal of Economics", 1961, 75 (2), 292-301.
• Haberler G., Quantitative Trade Controls, Their Causes and Nature (1943).
• Hamilton's Report in: Industrial and Commercial Correspondence of Alexander Hamilton, ed. A. H. Cole, 1968.
• Haney L., History of Economic Thought (1949).
• Hartigan J., Tower E., Trade Policy and the American Income Distribution, "Review of Economics and Statistics". 64 (May 1982): 261-270.
• Hayek F.A., Prices and Production (1939).
• Henderson W.O., Prince Smith and Free Trade in Germany, "The Economic History Review", Second Series, II, no. 3, (1950): 295-302.
• Heyne P., Do Trade Deficits Matter?. "Cato Journal", Vol. 3, No. 3 (Winter 1983/84).
• Hirst F., Free Trade and Other Fundamental Doctrines of the Manchester School (1968).
• Hoppe H.H., A Theory of Socialism and Capitalism: Economics. Politics, and Ethics, (1989).
• Hudgins E., Robust U.S. Textile Industry Needs No More Protection, "Backgrounder" No. 54, The Heritage Foundation, Sep. 29. 1987.
• Hufbauer G., Berliner D., Elliott K., Trade Protection In The United States: 31 Case Studies 15 (1986).
• Hume D., Of Money and of the Balance of Trade, 1752.
• Husbands S., Free Trade and Foreign Wars, in: Free Trade: the Necessary Foundation for World Peace, ed. J.K. Taylor, 1986.
• Hutt W.H., A Rehabilitation of Say's Law (1975).
• Hutt W.H., Keynesianism- Retrospect and Prospect (1963).
• Ives R., Hurley J., United States Sugar Policy: An Analysis, U.S. Dep't. of Commerce. (Apr., 1988).
• Johnson H.G. Foreword in: G. Denton. S. O'Cleirea-Clan, S. Ash. Trade Effects of Public Subsidies to Private Enterprise (1975), za: M.B. Krauss, Protectionism: the Welfare State and International Trade (1978).
• Jouvenel B. de, The Ethics Of Redistribution (1952).
• Kaldor N., The Causes of the Slow Economic Growth of the United Kingdom (1966).
• Keynes J.M., General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936).
• Kindleberger C., International Trade and National Prosperity, "Cato Journal", vol. 3, No, 3 (Winter 1983/84).
• Knorr K., The Power of Nations (1975).
• Krauss M., Protectionism: The Welfare State and International Trade (1978).
• Kreinin M., Wage Competitiveness in the U.S. Auto and Steel Industries, "Contemporary Policy" Issues 4 (January 1984), pp. 39-50.
• Krueger A., Tuncer B., An Empirical Test of the Infant Industry Argument, "The American Economic Review", Vol. 72, No. 5 (Dec., 1982), 1142-1152.
• Lerner A., The Symmetry between Import and Export Taxes, "Economica" , New Series, Vol. 3, No. 11 (Aug., 1936), pp. 306-313.
• Locke J., Second Treatise on Government (1690)
• Mack E., In Defense of 'Unbridled' Freedom of Contract, "American Journal of Economics and Sociology", Vol. 40, No. 1 (Jan., 1981), pp. 1-15.
• McGee J., Predatory Price Cutting: The Standard Oil (N.F.) Case, "Journal of Law and Economics", Vol. 1. (Oct., 1958), pp. 137-169.
• McGee R., Mergers and Acquisitions: an Economic and Legal Analysis, "Creighton Law Review" 22, 3 (1988/89): 665-93.
• McGee R., The Economic Thought of David Hume, "Hume Studies", 1989, 15, 184-204.
• McKenzie R., Competing Visions: The Political Conflict Over America's Economic Future (1985).
• McKenzie R., National Industrial Policy (1984).
• McKenzie R., The American Job Machine (1988).
• Messerlin P., The Long Term Evolution of the EEC Anti-Dumping Law: Some Lessons for the New AD Laws in LDCs, World Bank 1987.
• Mises L. von, Human Action (1966).
• Mises L. von, Omnipotent Government (1969).
• Mises L. von, The Economics of War, in: Free Trade: the Necessary Foundation for World Peace, ed. J.K. Taylor, 1986.
• Mises L. von, Lord Keynes and Say's Law, I Freeman (Oct. 30,1950), reprinted in: The Critics of Keynesian Economics, ed. H. Hazlitt, 1960.
• Murphy A.E., Richard Cantillon-Banker and Economist, "The Journal of Libertarian Studies", vol. VII, no. 2, 185-215.
• Murray A., As Free-Trade Bastion, U.S. Isn't Half as Pure as Many People Think, "Wall Street Journal", Nov. 1, 1985 at 1.
• Nettels C., The Roots of American Civilization (1963).
• New Competitive Realities Show Japanese Auto Quota Is Obsolete, "Worldwide Information Resources". (Nov. 20, 1987).
• New York Times, Oct. 13, 1982, at A3.
• Nozick R., Anarchy. State, and Utopia (1974).
• Olson W., Don't Slam the Door, "National Review"; 1983, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p. 248.
• Osterfeld D., The Nature of Modern Warfare, in: Free Trade: the Necessary Foundation for World Peace, ed. J.K. Taylor, 1986.
• Pareto V., Manual of Political Economy (1927).
• Pearl Harbor: Antecedents, Background and Consequences, in: J. Martin, The Saga of Hog Island (1977).
• Petrella F., Adam Smith's Rejection of Hume's Rice-Specie-Flow Mechanism: A Minor Mystery Resolved, "Southern Economic Journal", 1968, 34: 365-374.
• Phillips M., The Life and Times of the Contract Clause, "American Business Law Journal", Volume 20, Issue 2, pages 139-178, June 1982.
• Plato, Laws, IV.
• Plummer J., United States Oil Stockpiling Policy, "Journal of Contemporary Studies", 4, 1981, p. 5-21.
• Policies for Coping with Oil-Supply Disruptions, eds. G. Horwich, E. Mitchell, 1982.
• Raico R., John Prince Smith and the German Free-Trade Movement in: Man, Economy and Liberty: Essays in Honor of Murray N. Roghbard, eds. W. Block, L. Rockwell, Jr., 1988.
• Ravenal E., The Economic Claims of National Security, "Cato Journal", Vol. 3, No. 3 (1983/84), p. 729-741.
• Read L., in: I Pencil, Freeman, December, 1958, za: Free Market Economics: A Basic Reader ed. B. Greaves, 1975.
• Ricardo D., Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (1817).
• Roller R. Jr., The Myth of Predatory Pricing: An Empirical Study, "Antitrust Law and Economics Review", 1971, 4(4):105-123.
• Rosenthal N., The Shrinking Middle Class: Myth or Reality?, "Monthly Labor Review", vol. 108, no. 3, p. 3-19, Mar 1985.
• Rothbard M., America's Great Depression (1963).
• Rothbard M., Protectionism and the Destruction of Prosperity, In: The Free Market Reader, ed. L. Rockwell, Jr.
• Rueff J., An All-Time Fallacy: The Trade Balance Argument, in: J. Rueff, Balance of Payments: Proposals for Resolving the Critical World Economic Problem of Our Time (1967).
• Russell D., Government and Legal Plunder: Bastiat Brought Up to Date (1985).
• Saigon B., Economic Liberties and the Constitution (1980).
• Schram M., 'Big Fritz': Tough Talk and a Flag, "Washington Post", Oct. 7, 1982, at 1.
• Schultze C., Industrial Policy: a Dissent, In: Plant Closings: Public or Private Choices?, ed. R. McKenzie, 1984.
• Schumacher E., Small Is Beautiful (1973).
• Sennholz H., Age Of Inflation, (1979).
• Sennholz H., Welfare States at War, in: Free Trade: the Necessary Foundation for World Peace, ed. J.K. Taylor, 1986.
• Shapiro A., Why the Trade Deficit Does Not Matter, "Journal of Applied Corporate Finance", 1989, vol. 2, issue 1, pages 87-96.
• Shapiro R., A Hidden Tax on All Our Houses, "U.S. News and World Report", Mar. 21,1988, at 52.
• Smith A., An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1937).
• Smith A., The Wealth of Nations, 1776.
• Sorokin P., The Crisis Of Our Age.
• Sowell T., Say's Law (1972).
• Staley C.E., Hume and Viner on the International Adjustment Mechanism, "History of Political Economy", 1976, 8, pp. 252-265.
• Talking Loudly and Carrying a Crowbar, "The Economist", Apr. 29, 1989, at 23-24.
• Tarr D., Morkre M., Aggregate Costs to the United States of Tariffs and Quotas on Imports, Bureau of Economics Staff Report to the Federal Trade Commission (Dec.. 1984).
• Taylor A., The Origins of the Second World War (1983).
• The Myth of Managed Trade, "The Economist", May 6, 1989, at 11-12.
• The Philosophy Of Manufacturers: Early Debates Over Industrialization in the United States; eds. M. Folsom, S. Lubar, 1980.
• Tower E., Some Empirical Results on Trade and National Prosperity, "Cato Journal" (Winter, 1983-1984), pp. 639-44.
• Tower W., Some Empirical Results on Trade and National Prosperity, "Cato Journal", vol. 3, no. 3, Winter 1983/84.
• Trade: Mote and Beam, "The Economist", May 6, 1989, at 22-23.
• Truett L., Truett D., Economics (1987).
• Turner L., Origins of the First World War (1970).
• Weidenbaum M., Business, Government, and The Public (1981).
• Weidenbaum M., The High Cost of Protectionism, "Cato Journal", Vol.3, No.3 (winter 1983/84).
• Westphal L., Empirical Justification for Infant Industry Protection, World Bank Working Paper No. 445, Washington, DC, March, (1981).
• White T., The Danger from Japan, "N.Y. Times Magazine", July 28, 1985.
• Willett T., Jalalighajar M., U.S. Trade Policy and National Security, "Cato Journal", vol. 3, No. 3 (Winter 1983/84).
• Williams W., All It Takes Is Guts: A Minority View (1987).
• Wu Y., Economic Warfare, (1952).
• Yeager L., Tuerck D., Realism and Free-Trade Policy, "Cato Journal", Vol. 3, No. 3 (Winter 1983/84).