Polityka przemysłowa jako metoda poprawy konkurencyjności gospodarki

• Autorzy: Wojciech Bieńkowski

Warianty tytułu

Industrial Policy as a Method to Increase Competition

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem artykułu jest zakreślenie drogą eliminacji wzorowaną na metodzie simplex tych pól i obszarów działań rządu, które zdaniem autora, mogą przyczynić się do zwiększenia konkurencyjności gospodarki. Pola te ciągle się zmieniają wraz ze zmianą gospodarki światowej i warunków działania podmiotów gospodarczych w poszczególnych krajach i w skali globalnej, co wymusza stosowaną weryfikację instrumentarium oddziaływania rządu w tym zakresie.

EN

It is not so easy to advise a government what should be done to enhance economic growth and competitiveness. In earlier days one could suggest using such tools as tariffs, quotas, subsidies or tax levies in order to protect the whole economy or a particular sector on one hand or to encourage growth and exports on the other hand. But it had been possible some 50 years ago, when the average level of tariffs was near 40 procent ad valorem, other trade barriers or export subsidies were tolerated. At that time a policy of protection and selection (passive or active) called an industrial policy was introduced being a synonym of modernity and competitiveness. One should add that at that time the flow of capital was not as important as today, exchange rates were fixed and could have been adjusted (usually devalued) in order to enhance exports. The pace of information dispersion was also far lower from today's level. Economies were less integrated and dependent on each other. In some cases and almost the whole economy was under the government control. Nowadays trade barriers due to GATT/WHO Rounds and Agreements and due to economic integration developments have become almost passe. Half of international trade as well as 40 procent of the world economy is controlled by MNE. Capital flows have been freed and flexible exchange rates have been introduced. Under these circumstances government is unable to use the inappropriate old tools to pursue industrial policy effectively. Instead, government policy should be focused on macroeconomic stability, institutional improvements and small, politically neutral industrial policy since today one should seek comparative advantage on a micro level. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Polityka przemysłowa; Polityka gospodarcza; Konkurencyjność gospodarki; Konkurencyjność międzynarodowa; Konkurencyjność przedsiębiorstwa; Globalizacja gospodarki; Materiały konferencyjne

EN

Industrial policy; Economic policy; Economy competitiveness; International competitiveness; Enterprise competitiveness; Economic globalization; Conference materials

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Zarządzania w Białymstoku
• Rocznik: 2000
• Numer: nr 3
• Strony: 9--30

Twórcy

autor

Wojciech Bieńkowski