Indywidualizm i kolektywizm jako wzorce kulturowe w państwach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce

• Autorzy: Maria Urban

Warianty tytułu

Individualism and Collectivism as Cultural Models in the European Union Member States and in Poland

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

W artykule przedstawiono analizę indywidualizmu i kolektywizmu na przykładzie kultury. Wzorce, modele psychologiczne indywidualistyczny i kolektywistyczny, znajdują odzwierciedlenie w różnych sferach funkcjonowania człowieka, przyjmują postać określonych zachowań, tworząc w skali społeczeństwa wzorce kulturowe. Opisano wzorce kulturowe indywidualizmu i kolektywizmu w rodzinie, szkole, miejscu pracy oraz w państwie. Przedstawiono determinanty indywidualizmu i kolektywizmu.

EN

In the era of globalisation the question of national cultural identity acquires particular importance. Therefore it seems natural that in the debate regarding Poland's accession to the European Union the socio-cultural aspects are taken into consideration. In the period of heated political debates about possible consequences, both positive and negative, of Poland's accession to the European Union, the author presents discussion regarding the position of Poland among other European states in the context of individualism and collectivism as particular aspects of cultural identity. Essential difference between the individualist and collectivist culture lies in the role ascribed to the individual in a social group. Individualism is a cultural orientation, according to which inter-human ties are seen as rather loose and the individual's objectives and their attainment are of priority to each individual. Ones own "self" stands out as the basis of identity. Collectivism as the cultural orientation is characterised by close social ties in which an individual "self" has become subordinated to the objectives and interests of one's own group. These cultural patterns are reflected in the social functioning of people in the family, at the work place, at school, at the level of state, and prevailing ideologies. European countries having firmly established democratic systems, characterised by the high level of economic development, rank high among the other European countries when judged by the scale of individualist tendencies. Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark. France, Ireland and Germany top the list of such societies among the European Union communities. Cross-cultural research has not yet provided an explicit answer to the question about the place of Polish national culture among the other European states with regard to these tendencies. According to the quoted Schwartz's study, societies of the former communist block are among the most collectivistic when compared to other European countries with Poland high on the list. Other researchers do not share this opinion pointing to the fact that Poles represent various types of mentality, individualistic tendencies playing a considerable part among them.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Kultura narodowa; Różnice kulturowe; Pluralizm kulturowy; Indywidualizm

EN

National culture; Cultural differences; Cultural pluralism; Individualism

• Czasopismo: Przegląd Europejski
• Rocznik: 2002
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 135--144

Twórcy

autor

Maria Urban

Bibliografia

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