Warianty tytułu
The Role of Multinational Corporations in the Transformation of the Global Economy and International Trade
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Zbadano rolę korporacji transnarodowych w gospodarce i handlu międzynarodowym, przeanalizowano wzajemne relacje między wpływami kapitału produkcyjnego w formie bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych a międzynarodową wymianą handlową. Przedstawiono udział korporacji transnarodowych w eksporcie wybranych krajów.
Multinational corporations are a group of companies that are the most directly and intensively involved in the globalization of economic activity, consisting in the global integration of an ever-greater number of national economies, thanks to the expansion and intensification of mutual ties (related to investment, production, trade and co-operation) and dependencies. The growing importance of this group of companies in the world economy is evidenced by their increasing number and also by their huge economic potential measured by foreign sales, asset values, employment, and the share in world export of their foreign affiliates. An increasing portion of international trade is also accounted for by trade within corporations. Neither the theory of international trade nor the theory of internationalization (international production) provide an unequivocal answer to the question: does foreign direct investment, which is the essential activity of multinational corporations, substitute or complement export? Depending on the adopted model and its assumptions, the impact of FDI on international trade can be positive or negative. The conducted analysis shows that the change in the flow of foreign direct investment over a longer period (1986-2000) was significantly greater than the change in world exports. This would seem to point to the substitution of export by foreign direct investment. However, in the recent period we have observed an acceleration in the growth of world exports and a slow-down in the rate of investment in the form of FDI. In 2003, the annual growth in exports was 16.6%, and a large part of this growth was accounted for by the exports of multinational corporations' foreign affiliates, whose growth was in general higher than the growth in world exports. This may testify to the creation of international trade by foreign direct investment. Many countries, in which multinational corporations have a large share in exports, have achieved major success in export. The country which in recent times achieved the highest growth in its share in world exports of goods, largely thanks to the foreign investment it attracted, is China. The countries which, according to UNCTAD, had hitherto been most successful in attracting capital are Belgium, Luxembourg, Hong Kong and Ireland. The countries with the best investment potential continue to be the most highly-developed countries, i.e., the United States, Norway and Great Britain. However, many developing countries are also conducting an active pro--investment policy, whose aim is to attract FDI of a pro-export character. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Numer
Strony
45--62
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
autor
Bibliografia
- Hajdukiewicz A., Możliwości rozwoju światowego handlu w świetle oceny funkcjonowania wielostronnego systemu handlowego GATT/WTO, Zeszyty Naukowe AE w Krakowie, Kraków 2002, nr 601.
- Weresa M.A., Handel zagraniczny i inwestycje bezpośrednie: substytucja czy komple-mentarność [w:] Handel międzynarodowy 2002. Stan i kierunki rozwoju, Materiały X Ogólnopolskiej konferencji naukowej, red. K. Budzowski i S. Wydymus, AE w Krakowie, Kraków 2002.
- World Investment Report 2003, UNCTAD, www. unctad.org
- Zorska A., Ku globalizacji? Przemiany w korporacjach transnarodowych i w gospodarce światowej, PWN, Warszawa 2002.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000131611150
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