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2007 | 7 | nr 2 | 29--40
Tytuł artykułu

The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade : is it working for business?

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
International differences in technical requirements, product standards and conformity assessment procedures create major barriers to international trade. The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade is intended to reduce the impact of these differences on trade. The major emphasis has been on promoting the convergence of national requirements through mutual notifications. This has not been an especially effective approach since governments and businesses often have major commitments to existing requirements and procedures. A more effective approach would be to promote international acceptance of a rebuttable presumption that the various sets of national product requirements, although different, provide equivalent levels of protection. (original abstract)
Rocznik
Tom
7
Numer
Strony
29--40
Opis fizyczny
Twórcy
autor
  • Duquesne University
  • Duquesne University
Bibliografia
  • Atkins R. (2007), China Exports to the EU More than the US for the First Time, Financial Times, March 23, p. 4.
  • Bonay B. (1983), Protectionism: Challenge of the Eighties, Union Bank of Switzerland, Zurich.
  • Bounds A. (2007), US and EU to Set Dates for Transatlantic Trade Zone, Financial Times, February 20, p. 2.
  • Chen M., Otsuki T., Wilson J. (2006), Do Standards Matter for Export Success? World Bank Policy Research Working Paper WPS 3809.
  • Egan M. (2001), Constructing a European Market, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • European Union, Directorate General Enterprise (1993), Directive 93/42of the European Parliament and of the Council on Medical Devices.
  • European Union, Directorate General Enterprise (1999), Guide to the Implementation of Directives Based on the New Approach and the Global Approach to Regulation (Brussels, European Commission).
  • European Union, Directorate General Environment (2002), Directive 2002/95/EU on the Restrictions of the Use of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment.
  • European Union, Directorate General for Trade (2007), United States Barriers to Trade and Investment: Report for 2006, Brussels.
  • Global Harmonization Task Force (2000), GHTF Guiding Principles, GHTF/AHPG/NIR7: 2000.
  • Hanson D. (2005), CE Marking, Product Standards and World Trade, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Hanson D., Manchego G. (2006), A Global Perspective of Regulation and Standardization, Standards Engineering vol. 45(6), p. 3.
  • ISO (2004), ISO/IEC Code of Good Practices in the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards, ISO, Geneva.
  • ISO (2007), ISONET Directory: About ISONET, at wssn.net/WSSN/RefDocs/issndir/introduction.html.
  • United States, National Institute for Standards and Technology (2007), NIST Technology Services: National Center for Standards and Certification Information, at ts.nist.gov/Standards/Conformity/ncsci.cfm.
  • United States, Office of the President (2005), The United States and the European Union Initiative to Enhance Transatlantic Economic Integration and Growth, The White House, Washington DC.
  • United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment (1992), Global Standards: Building Blocks for the Future TCT-512, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2000), An Assessment of the Costs for International Trade in Meeting Regulatory Requirements, TD/TC/WP (99)8/Final.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (n.d.), Consumers, Product Safety Standards and International Trade, OECD , Paris.
  • Transatlantic Business Dialog (2006), Towards a Barrier-free Transatlantic Market: Report and Recommendations to the 2006 EU-US Summit Leaders, Washington DC.
  • Transatlantic Consumer Dialog (2007), Position Paper and Resolution on Horizontal Regulatory Initiatives in EU-US Regulatory Cooperation, Washington DC.
  • United States Department of State (2003), US-EU Cooperation on Regulatory Affairs: Charles P. Reis Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Subcommittee on European Affairs, Washington DC.
  • United States Food and Drug Administration (2007), Search Classification Database, at acessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdpdc/ classification.cfm.
  • United States Government (1995), National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act, P.L. 104-113 of March 7, 1995.
  • United States Trade Representative (2002), United States and European Commission Agreement on Guidelines for Increased Regulatory Cooperation and Transparency. Washington D.C.
  • United States Trade Representative (2005), Roadmap for EU-US Regulatory Cooperation and Transparency, Washington, DC.
  • World Trade Organization (2006), Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.ekon-element-000171221113

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