Towarzystwa ubezpieczeń wzajemnych w Japonii w ujęciu historycznym

• Autorzy: Piotr Milewski

Warianty tytułu

Mutual Insurance Companies in Japan - Historical Aspect

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Japonia jest tym krajem, w którym towarzystwa ubezpieczeń wzajemnych (TUW) odgrywają znaczącą rolę, a nawet w ubezpieczeniach na życie dominującą. Historia ubezpieczeń wzajemnych stanowi przedmiot tego artykułu. Oprócz prezentacji finansowych wskaźników określających pozycję TUW przeanalizowano również uwarunkowania prawne, ekonomiczne oraz społeczno-kulturowe, wpływające na zmianę roli TUW na współczesnym rynku ubezpieczeniowym Japonii. (fragment tekstu)

EN

This paper analyses the origins and historical development of mutual insurance companies in Japan. The financial and statistical data concerning mutuals as well as business, legal, political, social and cultural environment in which they operate are presented. The way they influenced the operation of mutual insurance business is also considered. Insurance business in Japan is carried on by three distinct groups of institutions: private companies, insurance cooperatives and municipal and state insurance providers. Joint-stock companies and mutual companies build up the first group. Agricultural, fishery, workers, consumers cooperatives as well as cooperatives for SME's (small and medium enterprises) form the second group. Mutual insurance companies play an important role in Japanese insurance market, particularly in the life-insurance sector. Their historical development might be divided into two distinctive periods: 1) period of primitive semi-insurance forms and 2) period of creation and development of modern organized forms of insurance business. The first period starts around 1st century B.C. and lasts until 1867, the other comprises the years from 1868 to 2000. The first semi-insurance forms of coping with natural risks, which appeared in the Japanese archipelago in ancient times, were predominantly set up by the decrees of the Imperial Court. Most of them operated in accordance with the simplified principles of mutuality. The first truly mutual insurance companies operating in the life insurance sector were the Nitto Life Insurance Company (set up in 1880, modeled on The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York), the Dai-ichi Life Assurance Company (set up in 1902, modeled on Gothaer Mutual Life Insurance Company) and the Chiyoda Life Assurance Company (set up in 1904, modeled on New York Life Insurance Company). Particularly dynamic development of mutual insurance in Japan was observed after the World War II, when under the slogans of economic and political democratization joint-stock insurance companies were forced to mutualize and became mutual insurers. The first mutual insurance company in nonlife sector in Japan was set up in 1942. Along with other evidence, this shows that the development of mutual insurance in non-life sector in Japan was greatly delayed compared to life sector. As the result of it, mutual companies play an insignificant role in non-life insurance market until today. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Rynek ubezpieczeniowy; Towarzystwa ubezpieczeniowe; Ubezpieczenia gospodarcze; Ubezpieczenia wzajemne; Działalność ubezpieczeniowa; Ubezpieczenia

EN

Insurance market; Insurance company; Economical insurance; Mutual insurance; Insurance activity; Insurances

• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Ekonomiczna w Poznaniu
• Rocznik: 2004
• Numer: nr 46
• Strony: 105--133

Twórcy

autor

Piotr Milewski

Bibliografia

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