The Efficiency of Industrial Policy in 21st Century? The Case of Brazil

• Autorzy: Marta Czarnecka-Gallas

Warianty tytułu

Skuteczność polityki przemysłowej w XXI wieku? Przypadek Brazylii

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The article aims to identify the key factors that undermine the efficiency of industrial policy in Brazil. It also draws attention to the importance of academic research into the nature and implications of industrial policy in the modern economy. The analysis starts with a systematization of industrial policy-related terms and a literature review. Because discussions on the topic are usually ideologically-biased, the author says, most of the existing studies are heavily polarized. Some economists strongly advocate governmental industrial programs, others express definite disapproval. The article contributes to the existing research by outlining key theoretical problems related to industrial policy and by highlighting the different approaches to the subject that have emerged in response to the changing paradigm of state interventionism. In light of the theoretical framework, Brazilian industrial policy is studied. Brazil warrants special attention, Czarnecka-Gallas says, because a historical analysis of government intervention in that economy confirms the importance of industrial policy - despite substantial policy changes and different methods used by the authorities over the years. After a brief summary of how industrial policy was applied in Brazil in the postwar era, the author looks at some vital components of the country's current industrial strategy and confronts it with empirical data that point to a disparity between official goals and practice. As a consequence, in contrast to the strategy of Brazil's economic development, which is based on industrial growth and innovation enhancement, the structure of the country's economy and its trade patterns show that it is commodities and low-tech industries rather than innovative sectors that are driving the expansion of Brazil's trade, the author says. (original abstract)

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie najważniejszych czynników podważających skuteczność brazylijskiej polityki przemysłowej oraz zwrócenie uwagi na wagę problematyki polityki przemysłowej w XXI wieku jako przedmiotu badań nauk ekonomicznych. W części teoretycznej artykułu, autorka dokonuje systematyzacji pojęć związanych z polityką przemysłową oraz przeglądu stosownej literatury. Z uwagi na fakt, iż dyskusje na poruszony temat zależą od ideologicznych inklinacji dyskutantów, większa część istniejących badań jest bardzo spolaryzowana - od takich, które mocno popierają rządowe programy przemysłowe do tych, które je stanowczo odrzucają. Niniejszy artykuł, z założenia próbuje prezentować stanowiska obu stron, omawia najważniejsze teoretyczne ograniczenia polityki przemysłowej i ukazuje, jak zmieniał się stosunek do polityki przemysłowej w zależności od przyjętego paradygmatu interwencjonizmu. W świetle rozważań teoretycznych, autorka przeprowadza historyczną oraz przedmiotową analizę brazylijskiej polityki przemysłowej. Po zaprezentowaniu nowego kształtu polityki przemysłowej zapoczątkowanej przez prezydenta Lula da Silva, analiza przybiera empiryczny charakter, gdzie oficjalne zapewnienia i cele rządu skonfrontowane są z realnymi danymi gospodarczymi. Wynika z niej, iż wbrew strategii rozwoju gospodarczego Brazylii, aktualna struktura gospodarki oraz struktura handlu zagranicznego wskazują, że to nie branże innowacyjne napędzają brazylijską ekonomię, ale surowce oraz przemysł tradycyjny. Próbując znaleźć przyczynę takiego stanu rzeczy, autorka wskazuje na główne czynniki osłabiające skuteczność brazylijskiej polityki handlowej. (abstrakt oryginalny)

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Industrial policy; International trade; Trade policy

PL

Polityka przemysłowa; Handel międzynarodowy; Polityka handlowa

• Czasopismo: Gospodarka Narodowa
• Rocznik: 2013
• Numer: nr 7-8
• Strony: 5--35

Twórcy

autor

Marta Czarnecka-Gallas

• Warsaw School of Economics, Poland

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