Zjawisko lobbingu i jego normatywna regulacja w USA

• Autorzy: Magdalena Bentkowska-Kiczor

Warianty tytułu

The Phenomenon of Lobbying and the Relevant Regulations in the USA

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Na początku artykułu opisano kształtowanie się zjawiska lobbingu w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Przedstawiono rodzaje lobbingu oraz jego regulacje prawne. Na koniec zaprezentowano analizę porównawczą lobbingu w USA na podstawie wybranych stanów.

EN

The article touches upon the issue of law creation in the environment of democratic institutions. The United States is presented as a background of development and functioning of lobbying institutions, participation of pressure groups in law creation or solving specific problems. Basing on those examples, the article presents a history of development of pressure groups, the forms they have assumed to exert pressure, in particular on legislators. The article also refers to US regulations (FARA 1938, Legislation Reorganization Act 1046, Lobbying Disclosure Act 1995), providing a framework for operation of a multi-thousand-strong army of lobbyists who follow the law and act in a transparent manner, without being suspected of corruption. The article presents the issue of lobbying, guiding the reader to various forms of strategies applied by pressure groups. Stress is also put on the issue of socialization of the administrative legislative process, including the extent of participation of interest groups in the law creation process. In the world of today, due to the complexity of contemporary democratic systems - it is the interest groups that are to convince public authorities to recognize the particular interests of an association, a group of enterprises, or a professional group, as public interests. In the United States, the participation of social forces in law development is very common. That provides for a possibility to learn about local, state, and national legislative proposals as well as provides for a pipeline to provide social opinions to the decision makers. This way, the drafted bills become more comprehensive as they provide for suggestions presented at public hearings. No doubt, lobbying played an important role in the areas of economy and territory -during the early days of the United States. At the end of the 19th century and by mid-20th century, lobbying left its mark in social transformations. Law creation by representative bodies is an undisputed value of a democratic state of the law. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Lobbing; Regulacje prawne

EN

Lobbying; Legal regulations

• Czasopismo: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 11
• Strony: 123--135

Twórcy

autor

Magdalena Bentkowska-Kiczor

• Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, doktorant

Bibliografia

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