Peine forte et dure w Anglii do końca XV w.

• Autorzy: Paweł Złamańczuk

Warianty tytułu

Peine Forte Et Dure in England Until the End of The 15th Century

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Celem artykułu jest próba ukazania genezy i rozwoju środków "forte et dure" do końca XV w. Pomimo tak zakreślonych granic temporalnych, konieczne wydawało się wykraczanie poza ramy czasowe opracowania, celem wyraźniejszego wyeksponowania ewolucji omawianej instytucji. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Prisone/peine forte et dure (in the plea rolls and in the Year Books often called penance or penitentia) was the Crown's response to an accused suspect who put himself outside the law by refusing to submit to trial by jury. At first an accused who refused to plead might be tried anyway. But the number of refusals to accept trial by jury continued to increase and legislative action was needed. It was declared, in the Statute of Westminster (1275), that "notorious felons who are openly of evil fame and who refuse to put themselves upon inquests of felony at the suit of the King before his justices, shall be remanded to a hard and strong prison". The words at the suit of the king' strongly suggest that peine forte et dure was applied only to indictment cases. Nonetheless judges have extended the statute also to appeals (but the possession of the stolen goods, in case of a robbery or larceny could lead to the judgment of death). At first the punishment consisted only of a very strait confinement in prison. By the 14th century at the latest accused person was taken to a dungeon, chained, loaded with a gradually increasing weight until he died or agreed to plead. In his Second Institute, Sir Edward Coke described the meaning of judgment of penance by the words 'Onere, Fame, et Frigore (weight, famine and cold). The accused suspect who died under peine forte et dure, never having been found guilty, was not condemned in the eyes of the law and his lands were not forfeit to the Crown. The peine forte et dure was abolished in 1772, and standing mute in felony made equivalent to a plea of guilty. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Prawo karne; Kodeks karny; Postępowanie sądowe; Historia prawa

EN

Criminal Law; Criminal Code; Legal proceedings; Legal history

• Czasopismo: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: 12
• Strony: 235--260

Twórcy

autor

Paweł Złamańczuk

• Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, doktorant

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